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23  WEST  MAIN  ilNSi. 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historicai  IVIicroreproductions 


Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  historiquas 


1980 


d. 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notat  techniques  et  bibliographiquet 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibiiographicaily  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couieur 


|~n    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 


□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  peilicuiee 

□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gAographiques  en  couieur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couieur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reiii  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
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La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  i'ombre  ou  de  la 
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have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
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iors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  iorsque  ceia  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmties. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppiimentaires: 


Th 
to 


L'Institut  a  microfilm6  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6tA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


n 


Pages  de  couieur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endom  magmas 


□   Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  peiiicuides 

□   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tacheties  ou  piqudes 

□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  indgale  de  I'lmpression 

Includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprend  du  mat6rie!  suppldmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponibie 


Th 
po 
of 
fill 


Or 
be 
thi 
sic 
oti 
fir 
sic 
or 


|~~j  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I     I  Only  edition  available/ 


Th 
sh 
Til 

wl 

Ml 
dil 

s 

re 
m 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieliement 
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obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


J 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmad  h«r«  has  b««n  reproduced  thanke 
to  the  generoeity  of: 

Douglas  Library 
Queen's  University 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —»>( meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grice  h  la 
ginArosit*  de: 

Douglas  Library 
Queen's  University 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6tA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  I'exemplelre  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmege. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmts  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  6tre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciichA,  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


'     1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

G 


DBPAUTMEiJT  OP  THE   INTERIOE 


^'ii 


/ 


BULLETIN 


or  TUK 


UNITED   STATES 


GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


ISTo.    lO 


WASHINGTON 

OOVEBNMENT  PBINTINO  OPPiOB 
1884 


H 


UNITED  STATES  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

J.  W.  POWELL  DIRBCXOB 


ON 


HE  CAMBRIAN  FAUNAS 


OF 


NORTH  AMERICA 


PRELIMINARY  STUDIES 


BT 


CHARLES  DOOLITTLE   WALCOTT 


WASHINGTON 

aOVEKNMENT    PRINTING    OPPICB 
1884 


0^^2.c^.Vl  I 


t3 


Sir: 
iinry  s 

TLo 
early  p 


Hon. 


Depabtbient  op  the  Interior, 
United  States  Geological  Survey, 
W(MhingtOH  D.  C,  July  1, 1884. 
Sir:  Herewith  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  the  first  of  mv  nrelimi- 
nary  studies  on  the  Cambrian  Faunas  of  North  America 

Very  respectfully, 

Hon.  J.  W.  POWELL,  '"^"''^^  °-  '«'^"50TT. 

director  U.  8.  Oeologiml  S«nwy. 

(288)  5 


95<)0() 


I.— Let 
II.-Re\ 
c 

ril.— Fai 
IV.— On  I 


r'LATR 


CONTENTS. 


,      _              ^  P«ge. 

I. — Letter  of  transmittal 5 

II.— Review  of  the  fauna  of  the  Saiut  John  formation,  contained  in  the  Hartt 

collection a 

ril.— Fauna  of  the  Braintroe  argillitea 43 

I  v.— On  a  new  genus  and  species  of  Phyllopoda  from  the  Middle  Cambrian ....  ttO 


I  li  LUST  RATIONS. 


r-LATR         I.— Fossils  of  the  Saint  John  Formation 56 

II. — Fossils  of  the  Saint  John  Formation r,8 

in.— Fossils  of  the  Saint  John  Formation '. 60 

IV.— Fossils  of  the  Saint  John  Formation (52 

v.— Fossils  of  the  Saint  John  Formation 64 

VI.— Fossils  of  the  Saint  John  Formation 66 

VII.— Fossils  of  the  Braintree  Argillites 68 

VIII.— Fossils  of  the  Braintree  Argillites 70 

IX.— Fossils  of  the  Braintree  Argillites 72 

X.— New  Phylloid  crustacean 74 

(287)  T 


ON 


REV 

co: 

UN 

Du 

and  t 

'The 
Ooolofj 
}iailey, 
'2uil  vd, 
tion. 
I  think 
John,  a 
Now  Hi 
c'liaract 
tli«  Pal 
to  geolf 
The  J. 

1>.  5)  IIH 

and  reu 

tonis." 

h)cal  na 

Saint 

well-kn< 

ing  that 

Mr.  \ 

Canada, 

that  tho 

lying  bo 

wick.    ( 

iinportai 

advantaj 

that  arc 

Lanrcuti 

I  cann< 

original 

fihonld  bi 

at  Saint 

The  na 

Braiutrei 

acters  wl 

hrian,  roi 

Heitaratei 


ON  THE  CAMBRIAN  FAUNAS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


PREI.IMINAllY    STUDIES. 


By  Ohablkm  1).  Walcott. 


REVIEW  OF  THE  FATTNA  OF  THE  SAINT  JOHN  FORMATION 
CONTAINED  IN  THE  IIARTT  COI^T^ECTION  AT  CORNELIj 
UNIVER8ITY.' 

During;  tlie  summer  of  1877  the  writer  visited  Saint  Jobu,  "^^   B., 
and  taking  advantage  of  information  kindly  given  by  Mr.  G.  F.  Ai  at- 


'The  tonn  "Sftint  John  Gronp  "  was  first  propoHed  in  1865  (Observation^  on  the 
Ooolo^y  of  Houthorn  Now  limnswiok,  Frederioton,  N.  B.,  pp.  '26-32)  by  "*  <■  i%n.  L.  W. 
JJailcy,  G.  F.  Matthew,  and  C  F.  Hartt.  Snbsequeutly,  Mr.  J.  W.  Dawson  (Acad.  G  ol., 
'inded.,  p.  638,  1868)  prop< ><">''  asnbstituto  the  name  Acadian  for  the  same  fm  "na- 
tion. Ho  nays:  "  This  formation  lias  as  yet  boon  known  an  the  Saiut  John  Gr  'p;  but 
I  think  this  nauir  ^suitable,  both  on  acconntof  the  number  of  places  known  n-*  Mnint 
John,  and  on  account  of  the  variety  of  formations  occurring  near  Saint  John,  in 
Now  Itriinswick,  and  would  therefore  propose  for  the  group  now  under  consideration, 
charactorizod  by  Paradoxides,  Conocephatites,  &c.,  and  the  oldest  known  member  of 
tho  Pahoo/oic  of  America,  the  name  Aca<lian  Group,  by  which  I  hope  it  will  be  known 
to  geologists  in  whatever  part  of  America  it  may  be  recognized." 

Tlio  geographic  area  bearing  tho  name  of  Acadia  is  defined  by  Mr.  Dawson  {ibid., 
]i.  .'>)  as  "  distingnished  from  all  the  neighboring  parts  of  America  by  the  enormons 
and  remarkable  development  within  it  of  rocks  of  the  Carboniferous  and  Triassie  sys- 
tems." This  certainly  renders  the  name  inapplicable  as  a  substitute  for  a  well-defined 
local  name  previously  given  to  the  formation  under  consideration. 

8aint  John,  N.  U.,  is  quite  as  well  known  as  Trenton,  New  York,  from  which  the 
well-known  Tronton  limestone  is  named.  We  would  not  give  as  a  reason  for  chang- 
ing that  name  that  other  towns  in  the  United  States  bear  the  name  of  Trenton. 

Mr.  Matthew,  in  speaking  of  the  Saint  John  formation,  says  (Trans.  Roy.  Soc. 
Canada,  vol.  i,  p.  87,  1882):  "From  those  reports  and  from  the  map  it  will  be  seen 
that  tho  strata  of  the  Saint  John  Group  All  a  number  of  narrow,  trough-like  basins 
lying  between  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  the  central  Carboniferous  area  of  New  Bruns- 
wick. Of  these  basins,  that  on  which  tho  city  of  Saint  John  is  situated  is  the  most 
important,  and  it  is  here,  also  that  the  life  of  tho  period  can  be  studied  to  the  best 
advantage.  The  Saint  John  basin  lies  diagonally  across  the  ridges  of  Hurouian  rock 
that  are  found  in  the  eastern  part  of  Saint  John  County ;  and  touches  the  ridge  of 
Laureutian  rocks  that  divides  this  county  from  Kings." 

I  cannot  but  think  that  if  we  pay  attention  to  the  law  of  'priority,  justice  to  tho 
original  discoverers  of  this  group  requires  that  the  name  of  ^nint  John  formation 
Hhoidd  be  used  as  expressing  tho  division  of  the  Lower  Cambrian,  so  well  developed 
at  Saint  John. 

The  name  Saint  John  or  Acadian  cannot  well  be  applied  to  the  Newfoundland  or 
Braiutrec  Paradoxides  beds.  The  three  localities  present  local  differences  and  char- 
acters which,  while  permitting  their  being  united  under  the  general  term  Lower  Cam- 
brian, render  it  necessary  to  use  a  local  name  for  the  formation  in  each  of  the  widely- 
Hcparated  localities. 

(289)  9 


10 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[BULL.  10. 


thew,  obtaiued  a  large  collection  of  fossils  from  tbe  typical  localities 
at  Saint  Jobn,  Ratcliff's  Millstream,  and  Portland,  from  wbicb  Mr. 
C.  F.  Hartt  procured  tLo  collection  described  by  bim  in  tbe  second 
edition  of  Dawson's  Acadian  Geology.  Subsequently  wben  working 
over  tbe  material,  it  was  with  great  difficulty  tbat  more  tban  the  com- 
mon species  could  be  identified  from  tbe  descri[)tions,  and  few  figures 
given  in  tbe  Acadian  Geology.  Tbe  writer  at  tbat  time  formed  the 
plan  of  illustrating  the  original  typical  Hartt  collection  and  also  the 
entire  fauna,  as  far  as  possible.  His  own  collection  afterward  went  to 
the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  it  was 
not  until  tbe  latter  part  of  1883  tbat  tbe  trustees  of  Cornell  University 
came  in  possession  of  tbe  Hartt  collection.  Through  tbe  co-operation  of 
Mr.  H.  S.  Williams,  paleontologist  of  the  university,  the  loan  of  the  col- 
lection was  obtained  for  tbe  purpose  of  illustrating  tbe  type  specimens 
and  such  other  material  as  would  add  to  our  knowledge  of  the  faumi. 
In  writing  to  Mr.  L.  W.  Bailey,  of  Fredericton,  iX.  B.,  and  Mr.  G.  F. 
Matthew,  to  secure  their  cooperation,  the  writer  learned  for  the  first 
time  that  Mr.  Matthew  was  engaged  on  a  monograph  of  tbe  fauna  of 
the  Saint  Jobn  formation.  The  plan  of  illustrating  tbe  entire  fauna 
was  at  once  changed  so  as  to  include  only  the  H..rtt  collection,  and  Mr. 
M.atthew  was  requested  to  propose  specific  names  for  the  new  species 
with  tbe  exception  of  one  form  with  wbicb  tbe  writer  wished  to  connect 
the  names  of  Mr.  Hartt  and  Mr.  Matthew,  tbe  two  gentlemen  who  first 
gave  to  the  scientific  world  a  definite  knowledge  of  this  early  Cambrian 
group.  Mr.  Matthew  kindly  accepted  this  proposal,  and  the  writer 
proceeded  with  tbe  work,  using  only  the  material  contained  in  the  Hartt 
collection. 

Mr.  Matthew's  valuable  paper  on  tbe  genus  Paradoxides  of  tbe  Saint 
John  Group,  has  already  appeared  (Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Canada,  vol.  i, 
1882),  and  from  it  we  learn  tbat  be  recognizes  three  well-defined  species 
and  six  varieties:  Paradoxides  lamellatus,  Hartt:  P.  lamellatus,  var. 
ioWca<w«,  Matthew ;  P.  ^ra</tcM,v,  Matthew  ;  P.  Uteminictis, 'Matthew, 
P  Eteminicus,  vars.  siirkoides,  breviatus,  Quacocnsis,  MaHcitns  and  pon- 
tificalis. 

In  tbe  Hartt  collection  we  find  as  ibe  types  of  P.  lamellatus  a  portion 
of  tbe  bead  of  two  specimens.  Tbe  species  appears  to  be  of  rare  occur- 
rence. Mr.  Matthew  illustrates  but  a  fragment  of  the  bead  of  a  speci- 
men which  he  considers  as  indicating  a  variety  of  P.  lamellatus. 

Two  other  species  occur  in  the  collection  tbat  were  not  named  by  Mr. 
Hartt.  P.  Acadicus,  Matt.,  is  represented  by  tbe  larger  portion  of  an 
entire  individual,  and  P.  Eteminicus,  Matt.,  by  numerous  fragments  of 
the  bead.  Tbe  P.  Micmac,  figured  by  Mr.  Dawson  (Acad.  Geol.  2d  ed., 
p.  657),  is  not  represented  in  tbe  collection,  and  Mr.  Matthew  writes  me 
that  the  original  specimens  were  destroyed  in  the  great  Saint  Jobn  five 
of  1877,  and  that  be  is  unable  to  identify  the  species.  The  figure  is  a 
restoration,  and  no  description  accompanies  it;  on  this  account  it  ap- 

(290) 


WALCOTT.] 


FAUNA   OP  THE   SAINT  JOHN   FORMATION. 


11 


Iiears  best  to  drop  the  name  from  the  list  of  species  composing  the  Saint 
Jobn  fauna,  as  an  undefined  and  undetermined  species. 

In  reviewing  the  fauna  as  shown  in  the  Hartt  collection,  we  find 
the  Echinodermata  represented  by  single  detached  plates  of  one  species, 
Eocyntites  primcevus,  Bill.  A  somewhat  similar  form  occurs  in  the  Me- 
nevian  group  of  Wales,  under  the  name  of  Protooyatites  MenerenaiSj 
Hicks. 

Among  the  Brachiopods,  Lingulaf  Dawsoni,  Matt.,  Acrothele  Mat- 
thewi,  Hartt,  Obolella  transversa,  Hartt.,  Obolella,  sp.,  Orthis  Billingsi, 
Hartt,  and  Orthis,  sp.  ?,  show  how  rich  and  varied  this  class  must  have 
been  at  the  time  of  the  deposition  of  the  Saint  John  formation. 

The  new  type  representing  the  Gasteropoda,  Harttia  Matthewi,  is  of 
special  interest  owing  to  its  being  the  oldest  representative  of  the  class 
known  on  the  North  American  continent,  and  the  section  of  the  family 
which  it  approaches  most  nearly  is  doubtfully  known,  if  at  all,  below 
the  Tertiary  system.  Tiie  species  Pala;acm€af  Acadiea,  is  as  yet  doubt- 
fully referred  to  the  gasteropoda. 

Of  the  Pteropoda  there  are  three  species,  HyoUthes  Acadiea,  Hartt, 
H.  Danianus,  Matt.,  and  H.  Micmac,  Matt.  The  former  is  not  unlike  H. 
primordialis,  Hall  (Sixteenth  Ann.  Rep.  K.  Y.  State  Cab.  Nat.  Hist., 
p.  135*),  of  the  Potsdam  sandstone  of  Wisconsin,  and  the  second  ap- 
proaches H.  cinetus,  Barr.  (Syst.  Sil.  Boh6me,  vol.  iii,  p.  78),  of  the 
Cambrian^  of  Bohemia. 

The  class  Pcecilopoda,  order  Trilobita,  is  the  dominant  type  in  the 
Saint  John  fauna,  as  it  is  in  all  the  known  Cambrian  faunas,  and  is  rep- 
resented by  Agnostus  Acadici's,  Hartt ;  Microdiacus  Dawsoni,  Hartt,  M. 
punctatus,  Hartt ;  Paradoxides  lamellatus,  Hartt,  P.  Acadicus,  Matt.,  P. 
Eteminieus,  Matt.;  and  varieties  suricoides,  breviatus,  MaUeitus,  pontiji- 
calia  and  Quacoensis;  Conocoryphe  Mattheici,  Hartt,  C.  elegans,  Hartt,  C. 
Walcotti,  Matt.,  C.  (Salteria)  Bailey i,  Hartt;  Ptyehoparia  Robbi,  Hartt, 
P.  Ouangondiana,  Hartt,  and  variety  Aurora;  P.  quadrata,  Hartt,  P. 
Orestes,  Hjirtt,  and  variety  Thersites,  and  P.  tcner,  Hartt. 

Mr.  Hartt,  described,  in  addition  to  these,  Conoeephalitesgeminisjnnostis 
=  Conocoryphe  Matthewi;  ConocephaHtss  formosus  —  Ptyehoparia  Robbi; 
Conocephalites  Aurora  =  Ptyehoparia  Ouangondiana,  variety  Aurora; 
Conoeephalifes  HaUi  =  Ptyehoparia  Orestes;  Conocephalites  Thersites  = 
Ptyehoparia  Orestes,  variety  Thersites;  Conocephadtesneglectus  =  Ptyeho- 
paria tener.  It  is  with  great  reluctance  that  I  reduce  the  above-named 
species  to  varieties  and  synooyms  of  other  species,  and  it  was  not  until 
after  many  comparisons  and  a  study  of  all  the  material  in  the  collection 
that  it  was  done.  Good  figures  are  given  of  the  types  of  each  of  Mr. 
Hartt's  species,  and  the  student  has  before  him  the  original  descriptions, 
so  that  he  can  judge  for  himself  and  not  entirely  rely  upon  the  writer 
to  form  his  opinion  of  the  value  of  the  species. 

'The  Cambrian  system,  as  referred  to  in  this  paper,  is  that  series  of  strata  charac- 
terized by  the  first  fauna  of  Harraude. 

(291) 


311 


f 


12  CAMBRIAN   FAUNA   OP  NORTH   AMERICA.  limuia 

In  review  we  And  14  genera,  26  species,  and  6  varieties,  distril)ute<l 
as  follows :  Echinoderniata,  1  genus,  1  species  ;  Bracliiopoda,  5  genera, 
7  species ;  Gasteropoda,  1  genus,  1  species ;  Pteropoda,  1  genus,  3 
species;  Trilobita,  6  genera,  14  species,  6  varieties. 

That  Mr.  Matthew's  researches  will  increase  this  number  of  species 
there  is  little  doubt,  and  it  is  not  inii)robable  that  some  of  the  species 
of  Mr.  Hartt  which  are  plaeed  in  this  paper  as  synonyms  of  some  others 
may  yet  prove  to  be  distinct. 

Mr.  Matthew  states  (Trans.  Eoy.  Soc.  Canada,  vol.  i,  p.  89)  that 
among  the  collections  made  by  the  Canadian  Geological  Survey  in  New 
Brunswick,  Mr.  Billings  recognized  fragments  of  the  genera  Ellipto- 
cephalus  and  Salterella,  and  the  remains  of  two  species  of  Hyolithes. 
"  Besides  these,  there  are  the  supposed  plant  remains,  Palaeophycus, 
Eophyton,  etc.,  of  the  higher  divisions  of  the  Saint  John  Group." 

While  studying  the  species,  the  question  of  their  correct  generic  ref- 
erence came  up, and  a  number  of  species  of  three  different  genera  were 
found  to  be  arranged  under  the  genus  Conocephalites,  a  genus  that, 
with  the  greatest  respect  for  the  opinion  of  its  author  and  his  work,  1 
cannot  see  the  way  clear  to  accept.  The  reasons  for  this  will  be  found 
under  remarks  on  the  genus  Ptychoparia.  The  new  subgenus  Salteria 
may  be  of  doubtful  subgeneric  value,  but  with  the  characters  of  C.  (Sal- 
teria) venuloaa,  Salter,  before  us,  a  subgeneric  group,  appears  to  be  in- 
dicated. 

The  fauna  of  the  Saint  John  Group  has  been  most  happily  compared 
by  authors  with  that  of  the  Paradoxides  fauna  of  Bohemia,  Wales,  and 
Sweden.  The  resemblance  to  that  of  the  Menevian  of  Wales  is  very 
striking,  and  the  relationship  so  close  that  we  are  in  doubt  if  there  arc 
not  more  identical  species  than  Microdiscus  punctatua  in  the  two 
faunas. 

The  more  closely  related  species  are  : 

Saint  John.  Menkvian. 

Obolella  triinsversa Obololla  sagittalis. 

Agnostns  Acadicns Agnostiis  CatnbrcnsiB.  • 

Microdiscus  puuctatiis Microdiscus  pinictatus. 

Conocorypbo  Mattbcwi Couocorypbo  Solvcnsis. 

Couoeorypbe  olcgans Conocorypbe  bnfo. 

C.  (Salteria)  Baileyi C.  (Salteria)  vonulosa. 

Ptycbopar la  Robbi Ptychoparia  applauata. 

A  comparison  with  the  Swedish  Paradoxides  fauna  gives : 

Saint  John.  Swedish. 

Obolella  transversa Obolella  sagittalis. 

Aguostus  Acad  icus . .  Agnostus  bre v  i  f ron  s . 

Conocorypbe  Matthowi Conocorypbe  exsnlauH. 

Conocorypbe  ologans Conocorypbo  Dalniiuii. 

Ptychoparia  Robbi Ptychoparia  cristata. 

r  (292) 


WAtron]  FAUNA   OF   THE   SAINT  JOHN   FORMATION.  13 

With  tlie  Bohemian  Paradoxides  fauna : 

Saint  John.  Bohemian. 

Agnostns  Acadicus Agnostus  integer. 

Hyolithes  Danianus Hyo]ithes  cinctna. 

Conocoryplie  Matthew! Conocor.ypfae  coronatns. 

'    Conocoryphe  elegaus Couocoryphe  Sulzeri. 

Ptychopnria  Robbi Plychoparia  Emmrichi. 

Mr.  Matthew  calls  attention  to  the  close  interrelationship  of  the  sp^ 
cies  of  the  Saint  John  Paradoxides  and  to  the  fact  that  they  belong  to 
SI  group  characterized  by  a  continuous  eye-lobe,  a  feature  developed  in 
Paradoxides  rugulosua,  Corda  (Syst.  Sil.  Boh6me.,  vol.  i,  p.  374),  of  Bo- 
hemia. In  the  genus  Anopoleuus  (Quar.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc,  vol.  xxi, 
p.  177)  the  eye-lobes  are  continuous,  but  of  a  different  character  from 
the  Saint  John  Paradoxides.  Olenellus  asaphoides  (Amer.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol. 
xiii,  p.  205)  shows  a  continuous  eye-lobe  in  some  of  the  younger  stages 
of  development,  a  character  not  retained  in  the  adult  individual. 

In  comparing  the  Saint  John  fauna  of  Saint  John  with  that  of  other 
localities  of  the  Saint  John  fauna  in  North  America,  the  first  to  be  noted 
is  that  of  Manuel's  Brock,  near  Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland,  as  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  J.  F.  Whiteaves  (Amer.  Jour.  Sci.,  3d  ser.,  vol.  xvi,  p. 
224, 1878^. 

Mr.  Whiteaves  identifies  of  the  Saint  John  fauna :  Agnostus  AcadicuSf 
Microdiscus  Dawsoni,  Mierodiscus  jmnct^tUis,  Paradoxides,  sj).  f,  C.  {Sal- 
ieria)  Baileyi,  Ptyehoparia  tener,  Ptychoparia  Orestes  f. 

On  the  authority  of  Mr.  Alex.  Murray,  the  shales  containing  this  fauna 
are  considered  by  Mr.  Whiteaves  as  lower  than  the  strata  from  which 
Mr.  Billings  obtained  a  strongly-marked  Cambrian  fauna  that  he  refers 
to  the  Menevian  Group  (Can.  Nat.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  vi,  p.  470, 1872). 

From  this  hori;?on  Mr.  Billings  described  Obolella  f  misery  Strapafol- 
lina  remota,  Hyolithes  excellens,  Paradoxides  tetiellus,  Paradoxides  de- 
corns,  P.  (Anopolemcs)  vcnustus,  Agraulos  affinis,  A.  socialis,  A.  strenuus, 
Ptychoparia  (Solenopleura)  communis. 

Mr.  Billings  also  describes  Stenotheca  pauper  and  Scenella  reticulata, 
from  Conception  Bay,  the  stratigraphic  horizon  being  a  little  above  the 
Manuel's  Brook  shales  containing  the  Saint  John  fauna.  To  these  we 
have  to  add  the  largo  Paradoxides  Bennetti,  Salter  (Quart.  Journ.  Geol. 
Soc,  vol.  XV,  p.  552, 1859),  and  Bathyurtis=Solenopleura  gregaria,  Bill- 
ings (Pal.  Foss.,  vol.  i,  p.  303,  1805),  from  the  Paradoxides  slates  of 
Saint  Mary's  Bay,  Newfoundland,  which  gives  a  total  of  fourteen  de- 
scribed species  from  Paradoxides  beds  above  the  Saint  John  fauna. 

From  the  sections  given  by  Mr.  Murray  (Geol.  Surv.  Newfoundland, 
p.  157, 1881),  we  learn 4hat  the  shales  carrying  the  Samt  John  fauna 
are  the  lowest  fossiliferous  strata  in  Newfoundland,  and  that  the  Para- 
doxides beds  above  carry  a  fauna  unlike  the  Saint  John  fauna.  This 
proves  the  latter  fauna  to  be  the  oldest  known  on  the  American  conti- 
nent, and  when  compared  to  the  older  Cambrian  faunas  of  Wales,  to 

(293) 


i 


-I 
4 


tm 


14 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[BULL.  10. 


Ill 


II   > 


i  : 


be  low  down  in  tbe  Menevian  if  not  representative  of  that  of  portions  of 
the  Harlech  and  Longmynd  gronps. 

Near  Saint  John,  N.  B.,  there  is  a  commingling  of  representative 
species  that  are  distributed  in  the  St.  David's  section  of  Wales,  from 
the  Harlech  to  the  Upper  Menevian,  a  fact  that  tells  us  plainly  that  we 
need  not  look  for  a  close  similarity  in  the  succession  of  individual 
species  in  sections  of  the  same  relative  geologic  position  when  widely 
separated.  The  physical  conditions  of  environment  and  the  geographic 
distribution  of  species  tend  to  variation  in  the  assemblage  of  forms  at 
localities  but  slightly  separated,  and  still  more  when  widely  distant  from 
each  other. 

In  the  Braintree  argillites  there  are  four  species,  Hyolithea  Shaleri, 
Walcott  (this  bulletin),  Paradoxides  Harlani,  Green  (Amer.  Journ.  Sci., 
vol.  XXV,  p.  336, 1834),  Ptychoparia  Rogersi,  Walcott  (this  bulletin),  and 
Agraulos  quadrangularis,  Whitfield  (Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  1, 
p.  147, 1884). 

HyoUth€8  Shaleri  is  closely  allied  to  Hyolithes  excellem,  Billings  (Pal. 
Foss.,  vol.  ii,  pt.  1,  p.  70, 1874). 

The  Paradoxides  Harlani  is  of  the  type  of  Paradoxides  Bennetti,  of 
Newfoundland,  as  found  above  the  Saint  John  fauna,  and  corresponds 
to  the  Bohemian  group  of  the  genus  typified  by  P.  spinosus,  Boeck,  and 
the  Menevian  P.  Hicksii,  Salter.  Agraulos  quadrangularis,  Whitfield,  is 
a  type  present  in  the  Paradoxides  horizon  in  Newfoundland,  as  A.  so- 
cialis,  A.  strenuus,  and  A.  affinis,  Billings  (Pal.  Foss.,  vol.  ii,  pt.  1,  p.  71), 
in  the  Menevian  of  Wales,  as  A.  longicephalus,  Hicks  (Quar.  Jour.  Geol. 
Soc,  vol.  xxviii,  p.  170),  in  Bohemia,  as  A.  ceticephaliis,  Barrande  (Syst. 
Sil.  Bohfime.,  vol.  i,  p.  405).  Ptychoparia  Bogersi  is  more  of  the  type  of 
Ptychoparia  Emmrichi,  Barrande,  of  Bohemia. 

Up  to  the  present  time  no  other  localities  of  the  Paradoxides  fauna 
have  been  discovered  in  North  America. 

The  relations  of  the  Saint  John  fauna  to  the  remaining  portion  of  the 
Paradoxides  fauna  in  Newfoundland  we  havo  mentioned,  but  as  yet  no 
section  has  shown  the  connection  of  the  Paradoxides  fauna  with  that  of 
the  next  superior  or  Georgian  fauna.  As  I  am  engaged  on  a  review  of 
the  latter  fauna,  the  discussion  will  be  omitted  here  to  appear  in  a 
paper  on  that  portion  of  the  Cambrian  fauna. 

Genus  EOCYSTITES,  Billings. 
EoOYSTiTES  PRiM^vus,  Billings. 

Plato  i,  fig.  2. 

Eocyatitea  primcBvus,  Billings,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  643. 

No  description  accompanies  the  illustration  of  the  single  plate  of  this 
form,  and,  in  fact,  little  can  be  said  of  it  from  the  oiiiterial  in  the  col- 
lection*  - 

(294) 


WALCOTT.J 


FAUNA   OP   THE   SAINT  JOHN   FORMATION. 


16 


ides  fauna 


The  plates  are  polj'gonal  in  outline,  variable  in  size  and  form,  elevated 
at  the  center,  and  ornamented  by  9, 10,  or  11  principal  ridges  radiating 
from  the  center  with  smaller  ridges  coming  in  between  the  larger  ones, 
usually  showing  a  pentagonal  arrangement.  The  plates  vary  from  3  to 
5  millimeters  in  diameter.  It  is  quite  probable  that  a  new  generic  form 
is  indicated,  but  in  its  relations  to  other  genera  nothing  can  be  de- 
termined. Protoeystitea  Menevenais,  Hicks,  evidently  belongs  to  a  aim 
I  ilar  type,  if  not  to  the  same  genus. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.    Saint  John  for/nation,  Batcliff's 
I  Millstream,  N.  B.  , 

Genus  LINGULA,  Bruguiere. 
LiNGULA  ?  Dawso:si,  Matthew. 

Plate  -v-,  flg.  8. 
Lingnlaf  Dawsoni,  Matthew,  1884.    MSS. 

Shell  small,  broadly  subellii>tical,  subattenuate  towards  the  beak; 
margins  gradually  expanding  and  curving  from  the  beak  to  the  center, 
where  the  shell  has  its  greatest  width,  and  thence  narrowing  towards 
the  front,  which  is  broadly  rounded.  General  surface  depressed  con- 
vex, becoming  more  convex  towards  the  beak. 

Surface  marked  by  flue  undulating  concentric  lines  crossed  by  radi- 
ating lines  that  are  seen  only  by  the  aid  of  a  strong  magnifying  glass. 

In  form  this  species  approaches i/i/j//M/e//a/(?rr«<jfmca,  Salter  (See  Man, 
Brit.  Foss.  Brach.,  Davidson,  vol.  iii,  p.  336),  of  the  Menevian  forma- 
tion of  Wales  quite  closely,  but  with  only  a  specimen  of  the  ventral  (t) 
valve  to  compare  with  it,  it  is  difficult  to  satisfactorily  determine  its 
specific  relations. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation.  Saint 
John,  N.  B. 

The  following  notice  of  a  larger  shell  than  J.crothcle  Matthewi  appears 
on  page  644  of  the  Acadian  Geology  as  a  new  species  of  Lingula : 

"Lingula,  n.  sp.,  Hartt,  difl'ers  from  the  above  {A.  Matthewi)  in  being 
almost  straight  in  front,  broadly  ronnded  at  the  sides,  and  narrowed 
towards  and  p( '  ^d  at  the  umbo.  It  was  also  larger,  thicker,  and 
more  convex." 

The  original  specimen  I  have  failed  to  find  in  the  collections,  and  no 
form  corresponding  to  it  has  been  observed. 

Genus  ACROTHELE,  Linnarsson. 

AOEOTHELE  MATTHEWI,  Hartt,  Sp. 

Plato  i,  figs.  4,  4a. 

Lingula  Malthewi,  H.irtt,  18G8,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  644,  flg.  221. 

Descriptinn. — "  Dorsal  valve,  circular  in  outline  or  very  slightly  wider 
than  long,  extremely  flat,  the  convexity  being  scarcely  noticeable ;  shell 

(295) 


m 


M 


■# 


16 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[dulu  10. 


WAUOTT.J 


I'ii 


very  thiu ;  on  each  side  a  segment,  such  as  would  be  put  off  by  a  chord 
running  from  the  umbo  to  the  extremity  of  the  transverse  diameter,  is 
slightly  turned  up  on  the  margin. 

"Inside,  a  strong  mesial  ridge,  rounded  and  of  moderate  width,  runs 
from  tbe  umbo  to  a  point  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  shell ;  at  the 
umbo  this  ridge  bears  a  small  nailhead-like  process  or  swelling,  and 
there  are  two  minute  and  extremely  short  secondary  ridges,  originating 
from  the  head  of  the  primary,  and  extending  obliquely  backwards.  In- 
ner surface  marked  with  numerous  indistinct  and  irregular  concentric 
striae ;  outer  surface  not  visible." 

A  study  of  the  type  specimen  of  this  species,  which  is  a  cast  of  the 
interior  of  the  dorsal  valve,  leads  to  its  reference  to  tlie  genus  Acrothele, 
as  It  presents  characters  shown  in  a  typical  form  of  Acrothele,  A.  sub- 
aidua,  White  (Expl.  and  Surv.  West  100th  Merid.,  vol.  iv,  pt.  1,  p.  34), 
from  the  Gambrian  of  Utah.  On  the  list  left  by  Professor  Hartt,  ref- 
erence is  made  to  specimen  No.  342  as  Oholus  {Biscina)  nitidm,  sp.  uov. 
This  specimen  presents  the  characters  of  a  ventral  valve  of  Acrothele, 
and  is  of  the  form  that  the  ventral  valve  of  A.  Matthewi  would  prob- 
ably have,  and  although  not  associated  with  it  at  Saint  John,  I  have 
little  hesitancy  in  referring  to  it  as  the  ventral  valve  of  A.  Mattheici.  It 
is  illustrated  on  plate  i,  fig.  4a. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Saint 
John  and  Batcliff's  Millstream,  N.  £. 

Genus  OBOLELLA,  Billings. 
Obolella  transversa,  Hartt. 

Plato  i,  figa.  5,  5a. 
Obolella  tramveraa,  Hartt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  644.) 

"A  very  small,  transversely  oval  species,  from  Coldbrook,  Saint  John." 

The  above  is  all  the  description  by  the  author  of  the  species  and  no 
figure  is  given,  but,  with  the  typical  material  used  by  him  before  mc, 
there  is  little  diflBculty  in  recognizing  the  species. 

It  is  closely  allied  to  Obolella  sagittalis,  Salter,  and  Mr.  Davidson's 
description  of  that  species  (Geol.  Mag.,  vol.  v,  p.  309,  1868)  reads  as 
though  it  were  drawn  from  the  Saint  John  specimens.  Figures  are 
given  of  the  interiors  of  the  two  valves. 

Obolella?  miser,  Billings  (Pal.  Fos.  vol.  ii,  i)t.  1,  p.  69,  1874),  is  a 
closely  allied  species  from  the  Saint  John  formation  horizon.  No  fig- 
ures accompany  the  description. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation.  Cold- 
brook,  Saint  John,  N.  B. 

Obolella,  sp.  xxnCX 

What  appears  to  be  a  second  species  occurs  with  the  i)receding.  The 
form  is  more  elongate,  the  surface  is  concentrically  striated  with  fine 

(296) 


Imes,  au 
cular  sci 


Or  this  Billi 


Bull.  . 


WAIXOTT.J 


FAUNA   OF   THE   SAINT  JOHN    FORMATIOC^. 


17 


lines,  aud  the  interior  appears  to  be  less  strongly  marked  by  the  mus- 
cular scars. 


Genus  OKTHIS,  Dalman. 
Oethis  Bii.LiNGSi,  Hartt. 

Plate  i,  tigs.  1,  Ib-d. 
Orthis  BilUngsi,  Hartt,  1868,  Acudiau  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  644,  fig.  223. 

Description. — "Shell  subquadrate  to  semicircular,  broader  than  long; 
greatest  width  at  the  hinge-line ;  moderately  convex ;  greatest  thickness 
at  about  the  middle ;  depressed  in  fnmt.  Hinge-line  straight.  Dorsal 
valve  semicircular  or  subquadrate;  de]>ressed,  with  a  shallow  sinus 
running  from  the  umbo  to  the  front.  Umbo  not  elevated  above  the 
liinge-area,  which  is  very  narrow,  and  marked  by  fine,  parallel  longitud- 
inal striie.  Hinge-plate  bearing  two  slight  incurved  internal  processes. 
Ventral  valve  more  arched  than  the  dorsal,  with  a  narrow,  flat  margin 
produced  in  the  plane  of  the  valve.  Hinge-area  triangular,  concave, 
luul  marked  with  tine  parallel  lines.  Umbo  elevated  above  liinge-line 
about  one-fourth  of  length  of  shell.  Foramen  triangular  and  of  moderate 
size.  Surface  ornamented  by  about  thirty  prominent  rounded,  radiat- 
ing plicsB,  increasing  iu  width  towards  the  margin,  becoming  less  ele- 
vated and  slightly  curved  toward  the  ears,  crossed  by  a  number  of  dis- 
tinctly marked,  concentric,  squamose  lines  of  growth,  and  numerous 
flue  concentric  stria?.  The  radiating  plica;  increase  by  bifurcation, 
which  takes  place  at  about  one-third  the  distance  from  the  umbo  to  the 
margin." 

The  figure  accompanying  the  above  description  is  that  of  a  rather 
transverse  ventral  valve,  on  which  the  radiating  costse  are  unusually 
strong.  They  also  bifurcate  in  a  manner  observed  in  but  one  other 
specimen  in  the  collection.  At  first  sight  this  shell  will  be  separated 
as  a  distinct  species  from  the  variety,  having  sharp,  somewhat  distant 
ribs  radiating  from  the  beak,  with  finer  ribs  appearing  between  them  on 
the  cast,  but  other  specimens  occur  where  the  two  surface  chai^ters 
are  shown  on  the  same  shell,  aud  give  the  im])ressiou  that  we  have  a 
single  variable  species,  the  two  extremes  of  which  are  shown  in  our 
figures  1,  Id,  of  plate  i.  The  crowding  together  of  the  increased  num- 
ber of  ribs  on  the  costate  variety  gives  the  bifurcating  character  to  the 
ribs  or  costa). 

The  ventral  valve  of  0.  Billingsi  is  little  elevated,  in  this  respect  be- 
ing unlike  other  Cambrian  species,  aud  there  does  not  appear  to  be 
any  nearly-related  species  of  Urthis  in  strata  of  Cambrian  age.  Orthis 
llwlisi,  Salter  (see  Davidson's  Mon.  Brit.  Foss.  Brach.,  vol.  iii,  p. 
230),  is  the  prevailing  form  in  the  Menevian  of  Wales,  and  in  some  of 

(297) 
Bull.  10 2 


V 

1 


V.l 


J.. 


18 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[BULL.  10. 


its  phases  resembles  0.  Billingai.  Among  the  Swedish  forms  the  latter 
mivy  be  compared  with  0.  exporecta,  LioDarsson  (Bihang  till  K.  Svenska 
Vet.  Akad.  Handlingar.  Band.  3,  N:o.  12,  p.  12,  1876). 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saiut  John  formation,  Batcliff's 
Millstream  and  Saint  John,  N.  B. 

Obthis,  sp.  t 

Plate  i,  fig.  lo. 

Associated  with  the  preceding  at  Saint  John,  there  is  a  bmall  single 
dorsal  (?)  valve  of  a  species  of  Orthis  that  appears  to  be  distinct  from 
O.  BHUngsi.  A  moderately  well-defined  median  sinus  is  shown  and 
the  surface,  as  preserved  in  the  cast,  was  somewhat  finely  ribbed. 
Professor  Hartt  refers  to  a  new  species  of  Orthis  as  not  being  suffi- 
ciently well  rei)re8ented  to  warrant  its  description,  but  gives  another 
specimen,  fig.  Ic,  plate  i,  as  the  form.  This  I  consider  as  a  variety  of 
O,  Billingni,  and  the  shell  under  consideration  may  only  have  the  same 
position  when  a  larger  series  comes  to  be  studied. 


m 


Genus  HARTTIA,  n.  gen. 

This  generic  name  is  proposed  for  a  unique  little  shell  found  in  as- 
sociation with  fragments  of  trilobites  of  the  genera  Paradoxides  and 
Ptychoparia. 

Description. — A  small,  oval,  patelliforni  shell,  having  a  low,  broad 
ridge  originating  on  the  posterior  (?)  side  of  the  interior  that  supports 
a  subcordate  shield-like  expansion  which  extends  out  over  the  anterior  (?) 
portion  of  the  interior  when  we  look  down  into  the  shell.  The  broad 
base  of  the  ridge  and  the  genersil  character  of  the  shield-like  extension 
are  well  shown  in  the  figure  on  plate  i,  fig.  3. 

The  character  of  the  apex  s  unknown,  as  the  onlj^  representation  of 
the  genus  and  species  is  in  tae  form  of  a  cast,  showing  the  interior  of 
the  central  portion  and,  around  the  margins,  the  cast  of  the  apparently 
smootii  outer  surface. 

The  interior  ridge  and  shield-like  expansion  is  of  a  peculiar  character, 
and  unlike  that  of  any  described  recent  or  fossil  form  known  to  me.  It 
is  so  well  marked  that  there  is  little  hesitancy  in  proposing  a  new 
genus  for  its  reception.  The  genus  may  be  included  in  the  Oalyptraii- 
die  nearest  the  genus  Crepidula,  if  we  compare  the  shield-like  expan- 
sion with  the  shelf  or  shelly  partition  of  Crepidula.  However  close 
or  distant  its  relations  to  the  latter,  it  certainly  appears  to  be  the  rep- 
resentative of  the  Calyptrieida;  type  in  the  Cambrian,  and  adds  another 
form,  showing  the  ditterentiation  of  the  invertebrate  fauna  in  the  old- 
est fauna  yet  known  on  the  American  continent. 

The  generic  name  is  in  honor  of  Mr.  O.  F.  Hartt.    With  it  I  wish  to  | 

(298) 


W.M.COTT.) 


FAUNA   OF  THK   SAINT   JOHN    FORMATION. 


m 


associate  that  of  Mr.  G.  F.  Matthew,  the  discoverer  of  the  Cambrian 
age  of  the  Saiut  Johu  formation. 

HARTTIA  MATTHEWI,  II.  8p. 
Plato  i,  flg.  3. 

Tlie  characters  of  this  species  have  already  been  given  under  the 
description  of  the  genus. 

The  base  of  the  shell,  as  shown  in  the  8pecini(3U,  measures  2.5""»  by 
3.5'""'.  It  was  probably  a  little  larger,  as  the  true  margin  is  not  to  a 
certainty  clearly  shown. 

There  is  no  reference  or  record  number  attached  to  the  specimen, 
and  nothing  is  said  of  it  in  Mr.  Hartt/s  notes  as  published  by  Mr. 
Dawson.  A  scratched  outline  around  the  specimen  shows  that  it  had 
been  noticed,  but  whether  by  one  of  the  collectors  of  the  specimens  or 
by  Mr.  Hartt  is  unknown. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation.  The 
character  of  the  slate  and  the  embedded  fossils  is  similar  to  that  of 
the  material  from  liatclitf 's  Millstream,  and  it  was  associated  in  the 
collection  with  specimens  from  that  locality. 


Genus  PAL^ACMEA,  H.  &  W. 
Pal^aomea  ?  AcADiCA,  Hartt. 

Plate  i,  fig.  6. 
Discina  Acadica,  Hartt,  1808,  Acadiau  Goology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  644,  Fig.  222.. 

Description. — "  Shell  elliptical  in  outline;  sides  more  or  less  straight. 
Conical,  but  very  depressed.  Apex  apparently  central.  Surface 
marked  with  a  number  of  deep,  concentric,  irregular,  sharp  furrows, 
not  always  continuous,  and  often  breaking  up  into  smaller  grooves, 
and  all  these  seem  at  times  to  be  impressed  with  lighter  lines  running 
nearly  parallel  with  them.  Of  the  large  furrows  from  nine  to  ten  can 
nsnally  be  counted.  The  whole  surface  of  the  shell  is  marked  with  a 
great  number  of  delicate  raised  lines  radiating  from  the  summit  to  the 
circumference,  and  just  visible  to  the  naked  eye." 

An  examination  of  several  specimens  of  this  species,  including  the 
tyi)C8,  leads  me  to.  think  with  Mr.  E.  P.  Whitfield  (Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  i,  p.  141,  1884),  that  it  is  not  a  true  Discina,  but  prob- 
ably a  univalve  shell,  allied  to  Palajacmea  or  Stenotheca.  The  ma- 
terial in  the  collection  is  very  poor  and  fragmentary ;  so  much  so  that 
the  generic  reference  is  to  be  considered  as  merely  provisional. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Rat«litt''i^ 
[Millstream,  N.  B. 

(299) 


m 


■  '.    ■*■,  i 

m 


■I  .       **■■ 


\¥^ 


20  CAMBRIAN   FAUNA    OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  [BULL,ia 

GenuB  HYOLITHES,  Eichwald. 

Hyolithes  Acadica,  Hartt. 

Plate  ii,  flg.  5. 

t 
Theca  Acadica,  Ilartt.    Label  on  Hpocimon. 

Forui  an  elongate  triangular  i)yranii(l,  tapering  gradually  and  uni- 
fornaly  to  an  acute  extremity.  Transverse  section  subtriaugular,  about 
twice  as  wide  as  high ;  the  lateral  angles  acute  from  comi)re8sicn  in  tbe 
specimens  in  tbe  collection.  Ventral  face  slightly  arched;  anterior 
margin  extending  forward  in  a  semicircular  subspatulate  extension. 
Dorsal  surface  rather  strongly  convex.  Aperture  unknown,  but  un- 
doubtedly oblique,  judging  from  the  character  of  the  extension  of  the 
ventral  side. 

Operculum  unknown. 

Surface  of  shell  miirked  by  concentric  lines  of  growth,  parallel  to  the 
margin  of  tbe  aperture,  and  exceedingly  tine  longitudinal  strisB  visible 
only  by  tbe  aid  of  a  strong  magnifier. 

In  general  form  this  species  approaches  very  closely  to  Hyolithes 
AmericanuK,  Billings  (Can.  Nat.  n.  ser.,  vol.  vi,  p.  215,  1872),  but 
tqually  so  to  the  Devonian  If.  aelia.  Hall  (Pal.  N.  Y.,  vol.  v,  pt.  2,  p. 
107,)  exce])t  in  the  more  rounded  dorsal  side. 

Owing  to  the  imperfect  condition  of  preservation  of  the  species  illus- 
trated from  the  Menevian  group  of  Wales,  it  is  difficult  to  ibake  com- 
parisons with  them.  Professor  Ilartt's  specific  name  is  retained,  as  the 
probabilities  are  that  the  form  is  different  from  the  American  Potsdam 
and  Georgian  species,  although  allied  to  H.  primordialis,  Hall  (Six- 
teenth Ann.  Kep.  State  Cab.  Nat.  Hist.,  p.  135,*  1863),  and  also  the 
Menevian  forms  of  the  genus  in  Wales. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Batclififs 
Millstream,  N.  B. 

Hyolithes  Danianus,  Matthews. 

Plate  ii,  figs.  7,7a,  b. 

Hyolithes  Danianus,  MatthewH,  ld84,  MSS. 

Form  that  of  an  extremely  elongate  rounded  subtriaugular  pyramid 
that,  in  some  examples,  curves  a  little  to  one  side  as  it  becomes  grad- 
ually attenuate  towards  the  apex.  Transverse  section  semielliptical ; 
moderately  convex  on  the  ventral  side  and  still  more  so  on  the  dorsal. 
Ventral  face  flattened  and  almost  concave  along  the  center,  rounding 
up  on  each  side  to  the  somewhat  rounder  lateral  angles.  Dorsal  face 
not  very  strongly  convex  transversely.    Form  of  aperture  unknown. 

Associated  operculum  broad  oval,  or  subcircular  in  general  form. 
The  side  corresponding  to  the  ventral  side  of  the  shell  curves  regu- 
larly, but  is  not  as  convex  as  the  opposite  side.    The  umbo  is*  situated 

(300) 


WAIX;OTT.| 


FAUNA   OF   THE   SAINT   JOHN   FORMATION. 


91 


about  four-fifths  the  diHtauce  from  tho  dorHul  niargiu,  and  extendH 
laterally  as  a  low,  rounded  rid^e  towards  the  rounded  angles  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  ventral  and  dorsal  sides  of  the  operculum ;  just  in 
front  of  these  ridges  a  slight  depression  exists,  also  a  depressed  area 
back  of  the  umbo,  or  towards  the  dorsal  margin  ;  the  inner  side  shows 
a  Hharp  ridge  corresponding  to  the  umbonal  ridges  on  the  outside,  and 
also  a  sharp,  short,  elevated  ridge  between  the  ventral  margin  and  the 
]»osition  of  the  umbo  on  the  outer  surface.  The  general  bo«ly  of  the 
sliell  of  the  o])erculum  appears  to  have  becMi  (piite  thin. 

Surface  of  the  shell  marked  by  transverse,  concentric  undulations  of 
growth  that  arch  slightly  forward  on  the  ventral  side.  Outer  surface 
of  the  oi)erculum  marked  by  fine  concentric  strise  and  very  tine,  some- 
wiiat  obscure,  radiating  stria; ;  inner  surface  with  fine,  slightly  irregu- 
lar, radiating  lines  or  stria;. 

There  is  considerable  range  of  variation  in  the  form  of  the  shells  of 
this  species.  In  some  the  flattening  of  the  ventral  side  is  lost,  and 
only  a  convex  surface  is  shown,  and  the  dorsal  surface  has  a  narrow 
longitudinal  lino  on  each  side  of  the  center.  The  curvature  of  the  shell 
also  varies  considerably.  A  number  of  specimens  of  the  operculum  are 
associated  with  the  shells,  but  none  were  observed  attached  before  the 
mouth  of  the  shell. 

One  unusually  curved  shell  having  a  nearly  round  section,  was  la- 
beled Orthoceras  1  n.  sp.,  by  Professor  Ilartt,  as  trac(;s  of  what  ap- 
pear to  be  septa  are  shown.  The  distances  between  the  septalike  par- 
titions are  unequal,  and  in  other  specimens  this  is  seen  to  be  owing  to 
tlie  filling  of  cracks  across  the  tnbe. 

This  species  recalls  ffyolithcH  cinctua,  Harrande  (Syst.  Sil.  Boheme., 
vol.  iii,  plate  ix,  tigs.  8-12),  and  the  form  of  the  associated  operculum  is 
also  similar. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  EatcliflF's 
Millstream,  N.  B. 

Hyolithes  Micmac,  Matthew. 

Plate  ii,  fig.  6. 

j  nyoUthea  Micmac,  Matthew,  1884,  MSS. 

Form  that  of  an  extremely  elongate,  ronnded,  subtriangular  pyramid 
I  tliat  becomes  gradually  attenuate  towards  the  apex.  The  true  trans- 
verse section  is  not  preserved,  owing  to  the  crushing  down  of  the  shell, 
I  and  appears  to  have  been  semielliptical  or  rounded  subtriangular. 

Form  of  aperture  and  operculum  unknown. 

Surface  of  the  shell  smooth  externally ;  the  interior  is  marked  by  fine, 
[raised,  longitudinal  lines. 

In  form  this  species  is  not  unlike  Hyolithes  Danianus,  but  the  smooth 
|outer  surface  and  striated  inner  surface  distinguishes  it  from  that  and 
ilso  any  other  described  species  known  to  me. 

(301) 


':-vm 


99 


CAMimiAN    FAUNA   OP   NORTH    AMKRICA. 


iniiM.10. 


It 


T)iii)enHinnR :  Length  of  Ht)ociiii»ii  20""",  width  at  tti»orturp  4'°">. 
Formation  and  locality.— CaiuhriAii.     Saint  John   formation,  aiiBo- 
oiated  with  Microdiscus  punotatus  at  Uatcliff's  MillHtreani,  N.  B. 

Genns  AGN08TUS,  Bronguiart. 
Agnostus  Acadious,  Hartt. 

Plate  ii,  flgH.  2,  2a-c. 

/IgnoBtua  Acadicun,  Hartt,  1808,  Acncliaii  Geology,  Dawson,  2(1  ed.,  p.  655. 
A(jno»tii»  aimilis,  Hnrtt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  DawHon,2d  ed.,  p.  65(i. 

Description. — "Head  minute,  transversely-elliptical,  or  snbcircular ; 
breadth  and  length  about  equal,  convex  but  very  depressed,  outlines  in 
front  and  on  the  sides  sliglitly  straightened.     A  narrow,  flattened,  and 
but  very  slightly  elevated  border  goes  round  the  front  and  lateral 
margins.    This  is  separated  from  rest  of  shield  by  a  narrow,  shallow, 
flat  space,  or  groove,  which,  on  going  posteriorly  along  the  lateral  mar- 
gins, loses  gradually  in  width  toward  the  posterior  angles  of  shield, 
which  are  rounded.    Glabella  a  little  less  than  two-thirds  the  length  of  | 
shield,  long  elliptical,  depressed  convex,  but  more  elevated  than  other 
parts  of  the  shield,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  bounded  anteriorly 
and   laterally  by  a  sharp,  rather  deep  groove  concentnc  to  the  outer 
one  above  described.    A  well-marked  transverse  furrow,  arching  back- 
wards, separates  the  anterior  third  of  the  glabella  as  a  subcircular  lobe. 
Posterior  part  of  glabella  rounded,  but  impressed  on  each  side  by  a  lit- 
tle lobe  situated  in  the  angle  between  the  cheek-lobe  and  the  glabella. 
These  little  lobes  are  about  one-quarter  the  size  of  the  anterior  glabellar  I 
lobe.    Cheeks  of  the  same  width  throughout,  and  uniting  in  front  of  j 
the  glabella,  being  bounded  by  the  two  concentric  grooves  above  men- 
tioned.   Posteriorly  they  are  rounded ;  in  width  they  are  rather  greater  I 
than  the  glabella.    They  are  convex,  more  elevated  along  their  inner 
margin,  but  sloping  outward  roundly  and  evenly.    Glabella  with  its  [ 
lobes  project  considerably  beyond  posterior  margin.    Surface  smooth. 
Pygidium  of  this  species  (?)  of  abdut  the  same  outline  as  cephalic  shield. 
The  posterior  and  lateral  margins  have  a  slight,  raised  border,  separated 
from  lateral  lobes  by  a  shallow  but  well-marked  groove  running  par 
allel  to  the  margin.    This  groove  widens  at  the  point  where  it  bends  to  I 
go  forward  along  the  sides  in  such  a  way  as  to  encroach  on  and  thin  out  | 
the  marginal  fold,  and,  just  before  reaching  the  anterior  margin,  it  nar- 
rows Itself  from  the  inner  side  so  as  to  cause  the  lateral  lobes  to  widen 
somewhat  anteriorly.    These  are  narrow,  flattened,  about  half  as  wide 
as  the  middle  lobe,  narrowing  to  a  point  just  behind  the  middle  lobe, 
where  they  do  not  unite.    The  medial  lobe  is  about  five-sixths  of  leugtL 
of  pygidium,  shield-shaped,  flattened,  convex,  more  elevated  than  the 
lateral  lobe.    Its  anterior  border  is  slightly  concave  in  the  middle.  | 
The  lateral  angles  are  rounded,  and  the  lobe  is  contracted  a  little  an- 

(302) 


Microdiaeua  Dc 


wAi.roTT.I 


FAUNA   OP   THE   SAINT   JOHN   FORMATION. 


S9 


t4>iiorIy.  It  is  bouuded  by  two  deep  and  well-uiarked  fiirrowR,  which 
join  one  another  in  the  middle  of  the  nnirginalfnrrow,  forniinf;  a  pointed 
arch.  Medial  lobe  projecting  further  forwards  than  the  lateral  ones. 
A  little  spine  is  situated  on  its  mesial  line  about  one-fourth  its  length 
fioni  front.    Surface  smooth." 

Alter  a  careful  study  of  all  the  specimens  in  the  collection,  fifteen  in 
luiinbi'r,  I  am  unable  to  make  out  sufficient  difl'cronces  between  the  form 
*lt>N<;ribud  as  A.  AcadicuH  and  that  given  as  A.nimilui,  to  ('tstablish  two 
Hpocics.  There  is  a  certain  range  of  variation  in  the  specimens  as 
{tointod  out  by  Mr.  Hartt,  but  that  is  so  variable  and  owes  its  origin  so 
largely  to  the  condition  of  preservation  of  the  various  specimens  that 
it  is  not  evident  that  two  species  are  typified. 

Agno8tun  Acadicvs  is  a  type  of  the  genus  that  occurs  in  the  Menevian 
of  Wales,  as  A.  Cambrensis,  Hicks  (Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Hoc,  vol.  xxvii, 
J).  4(M),  1871) ;  in  Norway,  as  A.  brevifrons,  Angelin  (Pal.  Scan.,  p.  0, 
lSo'2) ;  in  Bohemia  as  A.  integer,  Beyr.  (Sil.  Syst.  BohCmie.,  vol.  i,  p.  900, 
185;^) ;  and  in  the  American  Potsdam  horizon  as^.  JV>o»,  Hall  &  Whit- 
ttoUl  (Geol.  Expl.  40th  Par.,  vol.  iv,  p.  229,  1877).  Agnvatus  interatriv- 
<««,. White  (Expl.  and  Surv.,  West  100th  Merid.,  vol.  iv,  p.  38),  from 
the  Cambrian  of  Utah,  is  an  almost  identical  species,  diit'ering  princi- 

illy  in  the  posterolateral  angles  of  the  pygidium. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian,  Sai  it  John  formation.  Saint  John, 
xN.li. 

Genus  MICRODISCUS,  Emmons. 
MiOBODISCUS  Z)AWSONI,  Hartt. 

Plate  ii,  figs.  3,  3a. 
Microdiacut  Dawaoni,  Hartt,  1868.    Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  654. 

Description. — "  Cephalic  shield  semi-lunar,  with  thickened  border 
crossed  by  numerous  grooves  running  perpendicularly  to  the  circumfer- 
ence. Glabella  convex,  narrow,  rounded  in  front,  conical  and  pointed 
behind,  projecting  beyond  posterior  border,  without  furrows  or  occipital 
groove.  Cheeks  convex,  no  eyes,  and  no  traces  of  sutures.  Posterior 
angles  of  shield  with  backward  projecting  opines.  Pygidium  subtrian- 
gular,  with  curved  outlines,  rounded  in  front  and  behind ;  middle  lobe 
distinctly  marked,  and  divided  into  six  segments ;  lateral  lobe  also  di- 
vided, furnished  with  a  narrow  border." 

This  is  a  beautiful  little  trilobite  that  is  quite  distinct  from  described 
species  of  the  genus. 

There  are  but  three  specimens  in  the  collection,  and  none  show  the 
head  and  pygidium  united. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Batcliff 's 
Millstream,  K  B.  '  - 

(303) 


*fl 


-r,A 


24 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[bulu  10. 


y  ii 


MiOEODiscus  PTTNOTATUS,  Salter. 

Plate  ii,  lig8.  1,  la-0. 

Mkrodiscus  punotatuii,  Salter,  1864,  Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.,  vol.  xx,  p.  237,  plate 
xiii,  iig,  11. 

Mierodiacua  j>uuctatu8,  Wbiteaves,  1878,  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.,  3d  ser.,  vol.  xvi,  p.  22f'. 

Microdigoua  ptiloheUua,  Hartt.    Name  proposed  (No.  14)  on  list  of  fossils  sent  to  Mr. 
J.  W.  Dawson.  . 

Head  semi-elliptical  in  outline,  rather  strongly  convex,  and  bordered 
on  the  front  and  sides  by  a  depressed  furrow  and  raised  rim,  the  furrow 
containing  numerous  short  furrows  perpendicular  to  the  margin,  as  ir. 
M.  Dawsoni,  but  not  as  strongly  marked.  The  posterior  border  is  strong 
back  of  the  cheeks,  and  has  the  furrow  continuing  from  the  sides ;  a 
very  narrow  rim  extends  back  of  the  glabella ;  eyes  and  facial  suture 
entirely  absent. 

Glabella  elongate  conical,  extending  ba(  kward  in  a  strong  spine  as 
long  as  the  glabella  in  medium-sized  specimens  and  nearly  as  broad  at  the 
base.  In  some  examples  the  spine  is  shorter  and  smaller.  The  glabella 
rises  above  the  level  of  the  cheeks  and  is  about  three-fifths  the  length  of 
the  head,  bordered  by  strong  dorsal  furrows  that  are  connected  in  front 
by  a  straight  furrow  with  the  depressed  groove  within  the  anterior  mar- 
ginal border,  perceptibly  marked  by  two  pairs  of  oblique  glabellar  fur- 
rows in  some  examples.  Cheeks  convex,  prominent,  strongly  defined 
by  the  dorsal  and  marginal  furrows. 

Thorax  unknown. 

The  pygidium,  associated  with  the  head  of  this  species  in  great  num- 
bers, has  the  same  general  outline  as  the  head.  The  narrow  marginal 
rim  is  well  defined  all  around,  w  idest  at  the  sides ;  anterior  marginal 
furrow  very  distinct;  median  lobe  elongate-conical,  extending  back 
uearly  to  the  marginal  groove ;  nine  anchylosed  segments  are  indicated 
by  eight  rather  strong  transverse  furrows ;  lateral  lobes  strongly  convex, 
no  furrow  appearing  back  of  the  anterior  marginal  groove. 

Surface  finely  punctate,  the  punctae  being  rather  large  as  compared 
with  the  depth. 

Dimensions  of  a  rather  broad  head:  Length,  exclusive  of  spine, 
3.5""";  breadth,  5""";  occipital  spine,  3""";  pygidium,  length,  3.75"'", 
breadth,  5""". 

This  is  an  abundant  and  well-marked  species.  Mr.  Hartt  evidently 
intended  to  describe  it,  as  the  name  is  given  in  his  list,  and  selected 
specimens  were  mounted  on  blocks,  one  of  which  bears  the  name 
Eodisous  pulchellus,  Hartt,  n.  g.,  n.  sp.  There  is  considerable  variation 
ii;  tho  relative  proportion  of  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  head,  also 
of  the  pygidium  in  difl^e^ent  specimens,  owing  to  an  original  variation, 
and  also  distortion  from  compression  in  the  shales. 

Mr.  Whiteaves  states  that  this  species  was  first  detected  in  the 

(304) 


WALCOTT.) 


FAUNA   OF   THE   SAINT   JOHN    FORMATION. 


25 


Primordial  slates  of  Saint  Jo!it),*N.  B.,  by  the  late  Mr.  E.  Billings.  It 
has  since  b^en  observed  in  rocks  of  the  same  age  on  the  Kenuebecasis 
Kiver,  N.  B.,  where  it  was  collected  by  Mr.  G.  F.  Matthew. 

The  pygidium  is  very  sinxilar  U  that  of  Microdiscus  speciosun,  Ford 
(Amer.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol.  vi,  p.  137,  1873). 

In  comparing  with  the  flgnres  of  M.  pnnctatus  given  by  Mr.  Salter,  it, 
is  observed  that  the  nuchal  spine  of  M.  punctatus  is  longer  and  more 
slender,  and  the  su^iace  of  the  cephalic  shield  and  pygidium  are  pi  ic- 
tate,  whereas,  in  the  Saint  John's  specimens,  the  surface  is  smooth,  in 
event  of  the  two  forms  proving  distinct  on  a  comparison  of  specime^is, 
1  i)ropose  that  Mr.  Hartt's  name,  M.  pxiMiellus,  be  given  to  the  American 
species. 

Formation,  and  localities. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Katclifl's 
Millstream,  N.  B.,  and  Manuel's  Brook,  near  Conception  Bay,  New- 
foundland. 

Genns  PARADOXIDES,  Brougniart. 

Pabadoxides  lamellatus,  Hartt. 

Plato  iii,  fi};8.  2,  2a. 

ParadoxideB  lamellatus,  Ilartt,  1868,  Acadiuu  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  cd.,  p.  G56. 
I'arudoxides  lamellatus,  var.  loricatus,  Mattliew,  1882,  Traus.  Roy,  Soc.  Canada,  p.  lO.'i. 
plate  ix,  fig.  19. 

Description. — "This  is  a  small  species  distinguished  from  several 
others  found  with  it  by  the  presence  of  a  number  of  sharp  perpendic- 
ular laminae  on  the  anterior  lobe  of  the  glabella." 

The  types  of  this  species  consist  of  the  casts  of  portions  of  two  heads, 
both  of  which  are  illustrated  on  plate  iii.  It  is,  as  stated  by  Mr.  Hartt, 
distinguished  from  the  associated  species  by  the  sharp  perpendicular 
liimin?e  or  ridges  in  front  of  the  glabella. 

Mr.  Matthew  has  indicated  a  variety  as  i*.  lamelatvs,  var.  loricatus. 
Tlie  elevated  ridges  on  the  front  of  glabell:'  are  variable  in  the  two  type 
siwcimens,  and  I  should  not  consider  the  v  riation  cited  by  Mr.  Matthew 
as  of  sutiicient  importance  to  establish  a  varietal  name,  especially  as  he 
suggests  the  idea  that  the  transverse  ridges  or  interrui>ted  elevated  lines 
owe  their  origin  to  the  condensaticn  of  the  front  id  area  by  transfer  to 
the  glabella ;  this  would  necessarily  induce  a  great  variation  in  the  form 
and  arrangement  of  the  elevated  lines  in  relation  to  eacli  other,  although 
they  might  retain  their  general  relation  to  the  frontal  margin. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Portland, 
a  little  northward  of  Saint  John,  N.  B. 

Paradoxides  Acadicus,  Matthew. 

.  Plate  iii,  fig.  :?,  :J<i. 

Parudojtides  Acadicus,  Matthew,  1882,  Trnns,  Roy.  Soc.  Canada,  p.  103,  Plate  ix,  figs. 
l'i-18. 

Mr.  Hartt  recognized  several  species  of  paradoxides  and  indicated 
them  in  his  list,  but  did  not  name  or  designate  the  specimens,  owing  to 

(305) 


26 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


iBULUlO. 


An- 


liis  uot  having  time  to  work  out  the  details  (Acadian  Geol.,  2d  ed.,  p. 
057,  1868).  One  of  these  Mr.  Matthew,  in  his  valuable  paper  on  the 
Puradoxides,  has  named  P.  Aeadicus,  describing  it  as  follows : 

"The  anterior  margin  is  regularly  rounded  and  strongly  arched  back- 
ward. The  marginal  fold  is  moderately  convex  and  about  twice  as 
wide  at  the  extremity  as  in  front  of  the  glabella.  The  flat  area  is  very 
small,  and  at  the  suture  about  as  wide  as  the  marginal  fold. 

"The  glabella  is  about  an  eighth  longer  than  wide.  It  expands  regu- 
larly from  the  base  to  a  point  somewhat  in  advance  of  the  fourth  fur- 
row, whence  it  is  regularly  rounded  to  the  front. 

"  The  glabellar  furrows  are  all  heavily  cut.  The  first  two  cross  the 
axis  of  the  glabella;  of  these  the  first  is  arched  decidedly  backward, 
and  is  somewhat  more  heavil^"^  impressed  in  the  outer  than  in  the  middle 
third.  The  second  furrow  strongly  indents  the  glabella  parallel  to  the 
transverse  axis ;  it  is  more  lightly  impressed  in  the  middle  quarter 
than  elsewhere.  The  two  anterior  furrows  are  in  pairs.  The  third 
fails  to  cross  the  glabella  by  less  than  a  third  of  the  glabella's  width ; 
it  begins  within  the  margin  of  the  glabella  and  is  directed  forward  at 
an  angle  of  about  fifteen  degrees.  The  fourth  furrow  begins  on  the 
edge  of  the  glabella,  and  scarcely  extends  one-quarter  of  the  way 
across  it. 

"  The  occipital  ring  is  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide ;  it  m  regularly 
convex  and  moderately  arched  vertically ;  a  little  behind  the  middle  of 
the  ring  is  a  short  tuberculous  spine.  In  some  of  the  largest  heads  the 
middle  half  of  the  ring  is  raised  into  a  broad,  rather  flat,  lobe  which 
bears  the  spine.  The  occipital  furrow  is  more  strongly  impressed  in 
the  outer  quarter  than  in  the  middle. 

"  The  posterior  margin  is  moderately  arched  backward ;  the  fold  is 
regularly  convex  and  moderately  arched  vertically.  The  furrow  is 
scarcely  as  wide  as  the  fold,  and  is  rounded  in  the  botto.Q. 

"  The  fixed  cheek  is  subtrapezoidal  in  form,  iscojivex,  and  has  an  ele- 
vation at  the  posterior  inner  angle  ;  it  is  strongly  depressed  in  front, 
and  the  bounding  furrows  are  distinct.  The  ocular  lobe  makes  an  open 
parabolic  curve,  and  is  prominently  raised  all  round,  but  especially  at 
the  extremities.  The  curve  of  the  posterior  third  of  the  ocular  lobe  in 
this  species  is  more  open  than  in  that  of  the  preceding  species  or  its 
varieties. 

"  Scvlpture.—PoiraUe]  raised  lines  appear  only  on  the  fronthalf  of  the 
marginal  fold,  where  there  are  about  five.  Elsewhere  the  surface  of  the 
test  is  covered  with  closely-set  granulations  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 

"This  neat  little  species  is  easily  distinguished  from  all  the  preceding 
by  its  granulated  surface,  and  by  the  absence  of  raised  lines  on  the 
front  of  the  glabella." 

In  the  Hartt  collection  there  is  a  specimen  that  adds  materially  to 
our  knowledge  of  the  species  and  the  group  of  species  to  which  it  be- 
longs, as  fourteen  segments  of  the  thorax,  the  pygidium,  and  a  portion 

(306) 


WAl.fOTT.] 


FAUNA   OF   THE   SAINT   JOHN    FORMATION. 


■^3 


of  the  head  ar«  preserved.  The  head  parts  appear  to  be  identical  with 
the  typical  form  described  by  Mr.  Matthew,  and  are  ornamented  by  the 
{,'ranulated  surface,  characteristic  of  the  species.  The  thorax  is  very 
broad  in  proportion  to  its  length,  even  though  the  fourteen  segments 
preserved  are  not  considered  as  entirely  forming  it.  The  allied  Bohe- 
mian type,  Paradoxides  rvgulosus,  Corda  (Syst.  Silur.  de  Boh6me.,  p. 
;U7,  i)hite8  ix  and  xiii),  has  but  sixteen  segments  and  the  specimen 
under  consideration  shows  no  traces  of  more  than  fourteen ;  the  ante- 
rior segments,  however,  are  crowded  down  somewhat,  and  the  head 
pushed  to  one  side,  which  leaves  the  question  of  the  actual  number  of 
segments  unsettled.  The  median  lobe  is  crushed  together,  but  still 
shows  that  it  had  a  width  of  7'"""  or  8"""  at  the  twelfth  segment,  the 
])leural  lobe  on  each  side  of  the  same* segment  extending  out  12°""  from 
the  median  lobe  and  terminating  in  slightly  curved  mucronate  points 
of  the  same  length  on  all  the  segments ;  posterior)/  the  median  and 
lateral  lobes  contract,  the  pleural  portion  of  the  last  four  segments  ex- 
l)auding  and  bending  back  so  as  to  close  down  to  the  side  of  the 
l),v<;idium ;  the  pleural  grooves  are  well  marked  and  extend  out  about 
half  way  on  the  pleural  lobe.  The  pygidium  is  the  type  of  that  of 
r.  rngulosus,  {loc.  cit),  and  corresponds  to  figure  19  of  plate  x  of  Mr. 
Matthew's  paper  more  closely  than  any  other. 

Formation  and  locality. — The  locality  is  not  given  with  the  specimen, 
but  Mr.  Matthew  cites  the  species  from  Portland,  N.  B.,  and  the  litho- 
logic  characters  of  the  shale  correspond  to  specimens  from  that  locality. 


m 


'i\ 


:vavl 


Paeadoxides  Eteminicus,  Matthew. 

Plate  iii,  flgs.  1,  la-*/. 

Paradoxides  Eteminicus,  Matthew,  188.3,  Traus.  Roy.  Soc    Canada,  vol.  1;  p.  92,  plate 
X,  tigs.  7-12. 

Mr.  Matthew  gives  a  very  elaborate  description  of  this  fine  species 
and  divides  it  into  P.  Eteminicus  and  four  varieties,  viz:  Suricoides,  bre- 
viatns,  Quacoensis,  Malicittis,  ami  pontijicalis,  tlie  diflPerences  separating 
each  api>eariiig  in  the  glabella,  fixed  cheeks,  and  the  anterior  lateral 
limbs.  From  our  experience  with  the  varying  forms  of  Olenellus  from 
Nevada,  we  should  .scarcely  consider  these,  on  the  evidence  given,  as 
more  than  varieties  of  one  species,  as  Mr.  Matthew  has  done.  A  num- 
ber of  specimens  of  this  species  occur  in  the  collection.  One  head  (sp.?) 
indicates  a  trilobite  IS"*",  or  20"'".  in  length  when  entire,  the  portion  of 
the  head  remaining  beibg  0"°'.  long. 

I'^or  the  purpose  of  illustrating  the  species  of  the  Saint  John  fauna, 
luiown  to  me  at  present,  several  figures  of  P.  Eteminicus  are  copied  from 
Mr.  Matthew's  paper. 

Formation  and  localities. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Portland 
and  Itatclitf 's  Millstream,  N.  B. 

(307) 


vi 


■'  -ti 


p 


ifc- 


iS? 


CAMBRIAN   FAUNA   OF   NORTH   AMERICA.  fBULUlo. 

Genus  CONOCORYPHE,  Corda.3 
CoNOCORYPHE  (Subgenus?)  Matthewi. 

Plate  iv,  figs.  1,  la,  h. 

Conocephalites  Matthmci,  llartt,  1808,  Actiiliaii  Geology,  Dawson,  2(1  ed.,  p.  646. 
Conooephalifes  gemini-spinosus,  Hartt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  653. 

Description. — "  Head  semicircular  to  seini-elliptical,  more  than  twice 
as  wide  as  long;  front  and  lateral  margins  forming  a  regular  curve; 
posterior  margin  nearly  straight;  posterior  angles  of  shield  flattened 
and  rounded  without  spines;  margin  with  a  strong,  round,  rather  narrow 
fold,  which  becomes  narrower  and  lower  towards  the  posterior  angle  of 
shield,  where  it  disappears.  This  is  separated  from  the  cheek-lobes  by 
a  very  deep,  moderately-broad  groove.  This  groove  is  arched  forward 
in  front  by  a  large,  semi-globose  swelling,  situated  just  in  advance  of 
the  glabella,  encroaching  upon  the  marginal  fold,  causing  it  to  be  the 
thickest  on  each  side  of  this  prominence. 

"The  posterior  margin  is  also  folded,  but  the  plait  io  more  or  less  in- 
clined backwards.  The  fold  is  narrow  near  the  occipital  ring,  but  grows 
more  prominent  and  gains  in  width  towards  the  posterior  angle,  but, 
like  the  anterior  fold,  it  disappears  at  that  point.  Its  course  is  not 
straight;  at  about  half  ihe  distance  of  the  outer  angle  it  bends  slightly 
backwards  and  downwards  and  then  forwards  slightly  to  disappear  on 
the  flattened  or  rounded  angle  of  the  shield.  This  fold  is  separated 
from  the  cheek-lobes  by  a  groove  shallower  and  broader  than  the  mar- 
ginal one,  which  it  resembles,  by  expanding  gradually  into  the  flattened 
space  of  the  outer  angle.  This  groove  follows  a  course  parallel  to  the 
fold  which  it  accomiianies.  Length  from  occipital  furrow,  about  half 
that  of  head. 

"  Glabella  subconical,  longer  than  wide,  strongly  rounded  in  front,  and 
about  half  as  wide  anteriorly  as  posteriorly ;  length  about  that  of  whole 
shield,  strongly  convex,  but  less  elevated  than  the  check  lobes,  bounded 
laterally  and  anteriorly  by  deep  grooves, the  anterior  being  not  so  deep 
as  the  posterior.  Tbe  sides  of  the  glabella  are  impressed  and  divided 
into  lobes  by  three  pairs  of  deep  lateral  glabellar  furrows.  Those  of 
the  posterior  pair  are  the  longer  and  more  deeply  impressed.  These 
furrows  begin  abruptly  at  a  point  somewhat  in  advance  of  the  middle 
of  the  longer  diameter  of  the  glabella,  and  directed  backwards  at  an 
angle  of  about  45°  to  the  anteroposterior  diameter  of  the  shield,  dis- 
appear abruptly  without  gaining  the  medial  line,  usually  extending  a 
little  more  than  the  third  of  the  distance  across  the  glabella.  Those  of 
the  median  pair  begin  also  on  the  bounding  groove  very  abruptly, 
only  a  little  in  advance  of  the  posterior  pair,  but  they  are  usually  not 
so  oblique,  and  extend  on  each  side  not  more  than  a  quarter  of  the  dis- 
tance across  the  glabella.    The  distance  between  the  outer  extremity  of 


''See  note  on  thia  genus  under  remarks  on  tbe  genus  Ptychoparia. 

(308) 


WALCOTT.] 


FAUNA   OV   THE   SAINT   JOHN   FORMATION. 


the  median  and  anterior  furrows  is  somewhat  less  than  between  those 
of  the  median  and  posterior,  and  these  buii  slightly  impress  the  sides  of 
the  glabella,  and  occasionally  are  scarcely  visible.  The  anterior  lobe  is 
about  as  widt  as  the  one  which  follows  it. 

"The  occipital  furrow  is  deeply  cut  in  the  outer  third  of  its  length  and 
strongly  directed  forwards ;  in  the  middle  third  it  is  not  so  deep  and  is 
quite  strongly  arched  forwards.  The  occipital  ring  is  narrow,  strongly 
convex,  and  vertically  arched,  the  sides  being  more  or  less  narrowed, 
turned  downwards  and  forwards,  being  projected  obliquely  more  or  less 
across  the  posterior  marginal  cheeii-groove  towards  the  inner  posterior 
angle  of  cheek-lobe.  The  ring  projects  backwards  beyond  the  margin, 
but  not  beyond  the  posterior  lateral  angle  of  shield.  The  middle  part 
is  produced  into  a  very  short  conical  tubercle-like  spine,  directed  slightly 
backwards.  The  cheek-lobes  are  strongly  gibbous,  and  very  regularly 
arched,  the  convexity  being  stronger  anteriorly.  A  narrow,  distinct, 
wavy  ocular  ridge  begins  on  the  cheek-lobe,  just  opposite  the  anterior 
part  of  glabella,  and,  thinning  gradually  out  and  arching,  at  first  slightly 
forwards,  curves  round  and  is  directed  towards  the  outer  angle  of  cheek- 
lobe,  but  it  usually  vanishes  before  reaching  that  point.  From  its  an- 
terior outer  side  it  throws  ott"  a  very  numerous  set  of  fine,  bifurcating, 
raised  lines  of  ridges.  These  linesare  directed  outward  from  the  primary 
line  at  a  rather  acute  angle,  and  appear  to  bifurcate  several  times. 
This  ocular  ridge  is  thickened  at  its  commencement,  but  is  not  so 
strongly  marked  at  that  point  as  in  C.  Baileyi.  It  is  also  more  arched 
forward  than  in  the  latter  species.  The  whole  outer  surface  of  the  shield 
is  covered  by  innumerable,  close-set,  raised  points  or  granulations,  just 
visible  to  the  naked  eye,  but  very  distinct  under  the  lens,  appearing  in 
the  impression  of  the  shield  as  minute  punctures.  These  appear  to  be 
more  distinct  on  the  convex  portions  of  the  shield.  The  raised  margins, 
cheek-lobes,  glabella,  occipital  ring,  as  well  as  the  lobe  just  in  advance 
of  the  glabella,  bear  sparsely-sown,  minute,  short  spines,  which  give  to 
the  surface  a  distinct  granular  appearance.  These  are  always  wanting 
iu  the  furrows  and  on  the  cheek-lobes,  are  more  crowded  on  the  outer 
halves  of  the  cheek-lobes.  They  are  true  spines,  but  usually  appear  as 
granulations  on  the  casts. 

"  In  very  young  specimens,  a  line  in  diameter,  the  shield  is  semicircu- 
hir,  the  cheek-lobes  are  extremely  gibbous,  and  very  much  more  convex 
than  the  glabella,  and  the  preglabellar  lobe  is  vei'y  conspicuous." 

The  above  description  gives  all  the  characters  of  the  adult  head  of 
this  species  as  shown  in  the  specimens  contained  in  the  Uarct  collection. 
A  number  of  small  heads  show  embryonic  features,  but  as  Mr.  Hartt 
did  not  describe  these  and  Mr.  Matthew  is  at  work  on  the  species  and 
its  stages  of  development,  we  will  await  the  appearance  of  his  paper. 

Mr.  Linnarsson  unites  Conocoryphe  coronatux,  Barr.  (Syst.  Sil.  de 
Boheme.,  vol.  i,  p.  424,  plate  xiii,  tigs.  20-20),  C.  exxidanit^  Linnarsson 
(Sv.  Geol.  Unders.  Afh.,  Ser.  C,  N:o.  35,  p.  17,  1879),  C.  solvcnsis, 

(309) 


'»■•, 


^f^>r{J! 


'He, 


p. 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA   OP   NORTH    AMERICA. 


[BULL.  10. 


\l- 


\9  I 


.'  ti 


Hicks  (Qnar.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc,  vol.  xxvii,  p.  400,  plate  xvi,  flg.  8, 1871) 
and  0.  Matthewi,  Hartt,  as  a  natural  group  chiefly  characterized  by 
the  boss  or  elevation  in  front  of  the  glabella.  He  speaks  of  C.  (Elyx) 
laticeps,  Attg.  (Pal.  Scan.,  t.  5,  figs.  2-3,  1854),  as  the  nearest  allied 
from  among  Swedish  species,  and  there  appears  tc  be  good  reason  for 
placing  it  very  close  to,  if  not  in  the  G.  coronatus  group. 

Mr.  Corda  proposed  the  generic  name  Ctenocephalus  (Prodrom.  Mon. 
bohm.  Trilobiten,p.  142)  for  this  type  of  theOonocephalidae,  and  in  many 
respects  it  is  a  convenient  subgeneric  terra. 

I  know  of  no  American  species  from  the  Potsdam  or  Georgian  hori- 
zons that  will  fall  within  the  group,  although  a  species  from  the 
Georgian  horizon,  in  Central  Nevada,  Ptychoparia  Linnarsaoni,  Walcott 
(Pal.  Eureka  Uist.,  in  press),  has  a  boss  in  front  of  the  glabella  much 
the  same  as  that  in  C  coronatus.  The  presence  of  large,  free  cheeks, 
well  marked  eyes,  and  facial  sutures,  places  the  species  in  the  second 
division  of  the  Conocephalidae  under  the  genus  Ptychoporia,  or  a  sub- 
genus of  the  latter. 

Mr.  Hartt  describes  a  second  species  of  this  group  under  the  name 
Conocephalites  gemminispinosus,  as  follows :  "  Resembles  C.  Matthewi, 
but  with  wider  and  less  elevated  marginal  folds ;  clieek-lobes  much 
more  gibbous  and  semi-ovoid,  &c.,  sparsely  sown  with  minute  spines, 
grouped  two  and  two.  Rare,  at  Saint  John."  This  species  does  not  ap- 
pear on  the  list  of  numbered  specimens,  and  I  fail  to  find  any  specimens 
that  differ  from  the  typical  forms  of  C.  Matthewi  sufl3ciently  to  warrant  a 
separate  specific  name.  Under  the  circumstances  it  appears  best  to 
place  the  name  as  a  synonym  of  C.  Matthewi,  on  the  grounds  of  imper- 
fect description,  no  illustration,  no  labeled  type  specimen,  or  a  form  iu 
the  collection  that  can  be  recognized  as  the  one  referred  to  oy  the 
author.  Specimen  No.  91  is  referred  to  as  G.  Matthewi  var.  ?.  This  is 
a  well-marked  variety  in  its  surface  characters,  as  the  scattered  tuber- 
cles of  C.  Mattheici  are  crowded  together  and  give  the  glabella,  cheeks, 
frontal  lobe,  and  margins  a  granulated  appearance  quite  unlike  C. 
Matthewi.  The  ocular-like  ridges  are  also  lost  iu  the  crowding  together 
of  the  tubercles;  flg.  1  b.,  pi.  iv. 

Formation  and  localities. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Ratclift''8 
Millstream,  Saint  John  and  Portland,  N.  B.  The  variety  (=  granulata) 
is  labeled  Cold  Brook  (=  Portland,  on  authority  of  Mr.  Matthew). 

CONOCORYPHE  Walcotti,  Matthew. 

"n  a  letter  received  from  Mr.  G.  F.  Matthew  May  22,  1884,  written 
„]nce  the  preparjition  of  this  paper,  he  states  that  he  has  found  a 
spi  ies  of  Conocoryphe  in  the  Saint  John  formation,  characterized  by 
trausverse  bars  on  the  glabella,  a  granulated  but  not  tuberculated  sur- 
face, and  other  features  separating  it  from  the  other  species  of  tho 
genus.    For  this  species  he  proposed  the  name  Gonocoryphe  Walcotti  m 

(310) 


WALCOTT.] 


FAUNA   OP   THE   SAINT   JOHN   FORMATION. 


01 


a  ])aper  "On  the  ConocorypbidsB  of  the  Saint  John  group,  with  remarks 
on  Paradoxides,"  read  before  the  Royal  Society  of  Canada,  May,  1884. 


Subgenus  SALTERIA,  n.  subgen. 

Dr,  Henry  Hicks,  in  his  description  of  Erinnys  venulosn,  refers  the 
species  to  Salter  (Brit.  Assoc.  Rep.,  1865),  where  we  find  the  name 
used  and  the  relations  of  the  genus  to  Harpides  pointed  out,  and  the 
fact  stated  that  it  has  a  great  number  of  free  segments  and  no  facial 
sutures  and  probably  no  eyes.  The  description  of  Erinnys  venulosa 
(Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc,  vol.  xxviii,  p.  177),  is  of  the  type  specfes,  and 
gives  that  of  the  genus  as  far  as  known. 

Description. — "  Ovate  in  form,  being  widest  in  front,  and  surface  de- 
pressed.   The  largest  specimens  indicate  a  fossil  at  least  3^  inches  long. 

<'  Head  semicircular,  margined  all  round,  but  with  no  posterior  spines 
wider  than  the  body.  Glabella  small,  occupying  only  about  two-thirds 
of  the  length  and  about  one-fifth  of  the  width  of  the  head ;  pyramidal 
iu  shape,  slightly  raised,  and  indented  by  three  pairs  of  furrows,  the 
hinder  ones  i  eaching  backwards  nearly  to  the  neck-lobe,  and  marking 
ofl"  triangular  lobes  on  each  side. 

''  There  are  no  distinctly-marked  eyes  or  facial  sutures,  but  a  tolera- 
bly strongly -raised  ridge  strikes  off  on  each  side  from  opposite  the  upper 
ghibellar  lobes  towards  the  posterior  angles,  reaching  nearly  two-thirds 
of  the  distance  across.  From  these  ridges  lines  strike  off  in  each  direc- 
tion, especially  forwards,  dividing  and  subdividing  in  their  course  and 
giving  a  veined  character  to  the  whole  surface. 

"  Thorax  composed  of  24  rings ;  axis  narrow,  convex,  and  tapering 
towards  the  tail ;  plearfe  compressed,  grooved,  and,  including  the  spines, 
more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  rings  of  the  axis ;  spines  bent  backwards 
from  the  fulcrum,  at  which  part  the  surface  becomes  suddenly  raised 
into  a  sharp,  transverse  ridge. 

"  The  tail  is  semicircular,  and  has  a  tolerably  strong  axis,  composed 
of  four  segments.  The  lateral  lobes  are  marked  by  four  moderately 
well-defined  ribs." 

This  is  certainly  a  very  remarkable  form,  and  is,  as  stated  by  Mr. 
Salter,  related  to  Harpides ;  still  it  does  not  appear  to  be  congeneric 
with  it. 

The  first  generic  use  of  the  name  Erinnys  of  which  we  have  record, 
was  by  Mr.  Schrank  (Faun.  Boica,  vol.  ii.  p^.  1,  p.  152,  1801),  for  a 
genus  of  Lepidoptera.  Mr.  Schrank  spelled  the  name  "  Erynnis." 
Mr.  Agassiz  suggested  in  his  Nomenclator  Zoiilogicus,  1846,  that  it  be 
changed  to  Erinnys.  The  name  was  again  used  by  Mr.  J.  Thompson 
(Arch.  Ent.,  vol.  i,  1857)  for  a  genus  of  Coleoptera.  In  1865  Mr.  Salter 
proiiosed  it  for  the  genus  under  consideration,  and  in  1867  it  was  again 
proposed  for  a  genus  of  Coleoptera  by  Mr.  Oustalet  (Scudder  Index 
Univer.,  p.  115).    As  Mr.  Salter's  name  was  anticipated,  it  becomes 

(311) 


".'^l 


-  f(    ,t 


32 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[BULL.  10. 


i 


necessary  to  replace  it,  and  the  name  Salteria  is  proposed  in  honor  of 
the  distinguished  paleontologist.  The  generic  description,  as  far  as 
known,  is  essentially  that  of  Salteria  venulom.  With  it  we  may  place 
8.  Baileyi,  as  it  is  an  almost  identical  species,  as  far  as  can  be  deter- 
mined from  the  head  and  pygidium. 

CONOCORYPHE  (SALTERIA)  BAILEYI,  Hartt. 

Plate  iv,  figs.  3,  3a ;  pi.  v,  tigs.  7,  7a.  • 

Conocephalites  Baileyi,  Hartt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  cd.,  p.  645. 

Description. — "Head  transversely  semi-elliptical,  half  as  long  as  wide; 
anterior  margin  in  front  more  or  less  straight ;  posterior  margin  quite 
straight ;  posterior  angles  of  cheeks  slightly  rounded  and  unfurnished 
with  spines;  facial  suture  never  visible ;  anterior  margin  of  shield  with 
a  narrow,  very  elevated  border,  which  is  widest  and  most  elevated  iu 
front,  and  grows  narrower  and  lower  posteriorly,  becoming  obsolete,  or 
nearly  so,  at  the  posterior  angle  of  the  shield.  This  border  is  separated 
from  the  other  part  of  the  shield  by  a  deep,  rather  wide  furrow,  whicli 
is  deepest  in  front,  but  grows  shallower  as  the  anterior  border  loses  in 
height  going  posteriorly.  General  form  of  shield  convex,  but  much 
depressed ;  glabella  more  depressed  than  the  cheek,  subtriangular,  de- 
pressed convex,  broadly  rounded  in  front,  and  separated  from  the  cheeks 
and  front  by  a  deep,  well-marked  furrow ;  width  at  base  equal  to  length, 
which  last  is  about  seven-tenths  that  of  shield ;  very  much  narrowed  in 
front.  Lateral  bounding  furrows  inclined  to  one  another  at  such  an 
angle  as  would  cause  them  to  meet  if  produced  to  the  middle  of  the 
front  margin  of  head.  Occipital  furrow  deep  and  well  marked,  slightly 
arched  forward  in  middle,  and  curving  downward  and  forward,  growing 
narrower  at  the  extremities,  and  less  deeply  cut  than  the  bounding 
furrow  of  the  glabella.  No  lateral  glabellar  furrows,  or  very  slightly 
marked,  ever  seen  on  casts.  Occipital  ring  more  elevated  and  rather 
wider  in  the  center;  bent  forward  at  the  sides;  narrow,  with  a  very 
low,  spine-like  tubercle  in  the  center.  Posterior  furrow  moderately 
deep  and  wide.  Sides  of  shield  bent  slightly  downward.  Posterior 
angles  flattened.  Cheeks  subtriangular,  bounded  by  the  straight  dor- 
sal furrow,  the  straight  groo^'^e  which  separates  them  from  the  glabella 
and  the  curved  marginal  furrow.  They  are  more  convex  or  gibbous 
than  the  glabella,  sloping  gently  toward  the  marginal  furrow,  but 
steeply  to  the  other  bounding  grooves.  In  the  cast  they  are  marked  on 
the  edge  of  the  bounding  groove  of  the  glabella  .at  the  i)oints  where  the 
straight  sides  of  the  latter  begin  to  curve  around  the  front  by  two  small, 
low,  but  well-marked  ocular  prominences,  from  each  of  which  extends 
a  slight  ocular  ridge,  with  a  more  or  less  outward  curve  toward  the  | 
posterior  angle  of  the  shield,  but  usually  loosing  itself  at  about  half  the 
distance  in  a  system  of  delicate  ramifications,  which  may  often  be  traced 
to  the  posterior  angles  of  the  cheek  lobes.    Like  ramifications  are  thrown 

(312) 


WALCOTT.] 


FAUNA   OF   THE   SAINT   JOHN   FORMATION. 


88 


off  for  the  whole  leugth  of  the  ridge  from  its  auterior  side,  .lud  these 
occupy  the  surface  of  the  cheek  lobes  in  fronf  of  the  line.  The  surface 
of  tiie  cast  sometimes  appears  granular,  but  the  mould  is  always  smooth, 
luid  the  outer  surface  of  the  shield  was  unfurnished  with  tubercular  or 
jjraiuilar  ornamentation.  The  posterior  border  on  each  side  of  glabella 
is  very  elevated  in  the  middle,  and  loses  height  thence  each  way. 
Cei)halic  shield  sometimes  an  inch  and  a  half  in  width." 

On  one  specimen  referred  to  this  species  the  left  posterolateral  angle 
of  tlie  head  shows  a  short,  slender,  rounded  spine,  a  feature  not  men- 
tioned in  the  original  description,  and  a  short  facial  suture  cuts  ott'  a 
slender  strip  of  the  postero-lateral  side  of  the  cheek,  carrying  the  spine 
witL  it. 

Tlie  resemblance  between  the  head  of  this  species  and  that  of  G. 
(^(,  ria)  venulosa  is  very  striking,  the  greatest  difference  appearing  in 
the  presence  of  a  suf^ure  line  and  postero-lateral  si)ine.  I  suspect,  how- 
ever, that,  as  in  the  case  with  C.  {S.)  Baileyi,  the  free  cheek  and  spine 
arc  broken  away  in  C.  {S.)  venulosa,  and  have  not  been  observed,  owing 
to  that.  One  specimen  of  C.  [S.)  Baileyi  preserves  twelve  segments  of 
the  thoi-ax  and  the  pygidium.  The  latter  is  of  the  type  of  that  of  C.  {S.) 
venulosa,  but  the  thoracic  segments  vary  considerably  at  the  genal  an- 
gle of  the  pleural  lobes  and  in  the  rounded  instead  of  falcate  termina- 
tions of  the  pleurae.  The  true  number  of  segments  in  the  thorax  is 
unknown. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation.  Rat- 
cliff's  Millstream,  'jS.  B. 

CONOCORYPHE  ELEGANS,  Hartt. 

Plate  iv,  figs.  2,  i-'n,  h. 

ConocephaUles  elegans,  Hartt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2(1  ed.,  p.  650. 

Description. — "Head  or  cephalic  shield  semi-circular  or  semi-elliptical, 
more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  nearly  straight  behind;  auterior  bor- 
der with  a  very  strong  fold,  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  head  by  a 
deep  groove.  This  fold  is  widest  and  most  elevated  just  in  front  of  the 
glabella,  where  it  is  sometimes  the  tenth  of  an  inch  in  width.  At  this 
point  the  groove  bends  abruptly  and  angularly,  and  arches  forward  on 
each  side  so  as  to  encroach  on  the  marginal  fold  and  cause  it  to  disap- 
pear at  about  half  the  distance  between  the  middle  point  in  front  and 
the  posterior  angles  of  shield.  The  posterior  marginal  folds  are  very 
thin,  most  elevated  in  the  middle,  and  sloping  each  way  towards  the 
occipital  ring  and  posterior  angles  of  shield.  The  axis  of  the  outward 
half  is  more  and  more  inclined  backward  from  the  perpendicular  towards 
the  posterior  angles,  which  are  rounded,  more  or  less  flattened,  and  with 
out  backward  projecting  spines.  The  grooves  separating  the  posterior 
fold  from  the  cheeks  are  very  deep,  and  are  slightly  directed  forward. 
Length  of  glabella  about  sixth-tenths  of  anteroposterior  diameter  of 

(313) 
Bull.  10 3 


■  -  --ii 

#1 


.& 


'  'hi 


r  \^ 

•  ■1* 

■>   » t 


M 


If  ^ 


It" 


34 


CAMBBIAN  FAUNA  OF  NORTH  AMEBICA. 


(BULL.  10. 


WAU'orr 


shield,  a  little  wider  at  base  thau  long,  and  less  than  half  as  wide  an- 
teriorly; triangular,  with  anterior  part  rather  broadly  rounded,  highly 
inflated,  and  bounded  by  deep  grooves,  which  in  front  join  in  with  the 
anterior  marginal  groove.  There  are  three  pairs  of  glabellar  furrows. 
Those  of  the  posterior  pair  impress  deeply  the  sides  of  the  glabella,  are 
strongly  curved  backwards,  aad  scarcely  reach  a  third  of  the  distance 
across  each  side.  The  second  and  third  pairs  only  just  impress  in  like 
manner  the  sides  of  the  glabella.  Those  of  the  second  pair  are  curved 
backward,  and  extend  about  a  quarter  of  the  distance  across  the  glabella. 
Those  of  the  third  pair  are  very  short,  and  appear  to  be  parallel  with 
the  transverse  diameter,  but  they  are  not  always  distinct. 

Occipital  furrow  <leep,  slightly  arched  forward  in  the  middle,  and  with 
the  ends  turned  in  the  same  direction  ;  occipital  ring  of  moderate  width ; 
the  middle  is  produced  into  a  spine  often  mure  than  a  quarter  of  .an  inch 
in  length.  This  spine  is  more  or  less  strongly  directed  backwards.  The 
cheek-lobes  are  very  gibbous,  more  so  than  the  glabella.  Their  pos- 
terior bordci-  is  so  strongly  impressed  by  the  posterior  furrow  that  it 
arches  slightly  over  it.  The  surface  of  the  convex  i>art  of  the  shield  is 
ornamented  by  very  line,  close-set  granulations,  distinctly  visible  to  the 
naked  eye,  and  by  a  set  of  delicate  little  tubercles  more  sparsely  sown.!' 

This  distinct  and  finely  ornamented  species  may  be  compared  with 
Conocoryphe  bufo,  Hicks  (Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc,  vol.  xxv,  p.  52, 1869). 
In  the  form  of  the  head,  frontal  margin,  and  glabella,  the  character  of 
the  granulose  surface  and  absence  of  facial  sutures  and  eyes,  as  far  as 
known,  they  are  very  much  alike.  We  know  of  the  presence  of  the  pos- 
tero-lateral  spines  of  the  head  in  C.  elegans,  but  not  the  occipital  spine 
in  C.  bufo  which  is  present  in  C,  elegans.  Conocoryphe  Dalmani,  Angelin 
(Pal.  Scan.,  p.  63,  pi.  xxxiii,  fig.  16, 1854),  belongs  to  the  same  group 
of  species  and  is  very  closely  related  to  them.  Liunarsson  speaks  of  C 
tenuicincta,  Linn.,  C.  emarginata.,  Linn.,  C  Dalmani^  and  C.  hufo  as 
forming  a  natural  group  (Sv.  Geol.  Unders.  Afh.,  8e.  C.  N:o.  35,  p.  20, 
1879),  and  with  these  we  add  C.  elegans^  as  it  is  a  similar  type  .and  nearly 
identical  with  C.  hufo  and  C.  Dalmani.     , 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Batcliff's 
Millstream,  N.  B. 

Genus  PTYCHOPAEIA,  Corda. 

Ptychoparia  Corda,  1847,  Prodrom.  Mou.  boliin.  Trilobiten,  p.  141,  Abh,  den  K.  Bohm. 

Gesella.  den  Wissonschaften. 
=  Conocephalus  Zeuker,  1833  (in  parte);   Solenopleura,  Augcliu,  1851   (iu  parte); 

Crepiccphalus,  Owen,  1852  (in  parte) ;  Conocephalites,  Barraudo,  1852  (in 

parte). 

In  looking  up  the  history  of  the  generic  names  Conocephalus,  Cono- 
coryphe, Ptychoparia,  and  Conocephalites,  we  find  that  Conocephalus 
was  first  proposed  by  Mr.  Zenker  in  1833,  with  C.  Sulzeri  as  the  type, 
a  trilobite  without  eyes  and  having  a  peculiar  direction  to  the  facial 

sutures  of  the  head. 

(314) 


WALCOIT. 


FAUNA   OF   THK    SAINT   JOHN    FORMATION. 


35 


In  1839  Mr.  Eiimirich  doacribed,  an  a  diHtiiict  species  from  C.  SuJzeri, 
ConoccphulvH  striatun,  rel'erriiiff  it  (o  the  same  genus,  although  it  bns 
\vell-(U'Veh)j)ed  eyes  ami  a  direction  of  the  lucial  sutures  ludike  that  of 
C.  Siihcri. 

Mr.  Corda,  in  1H47,  observed  that  C.  Suheri  and  C./<frm^«»  represented 
two  generic  groups,  and  as  the  name  Conocei>hiilus  had  been  preoccw- 
l)ie(l  tor  a  genus- of  insects  in  1812,  lio  i)roposed  two  generic  names  for 
the  two  types,  Conocoryphe  being  given  to  G.  Sulzeri  and  Ptychoparia 
to  C.  Htrialus.  This  division  appears  to  me  to  be  one  dem.auded  by  the 
cliaracters  of  the  two  types,  and  I  fully  indorse  the  opinion  of  the  late 
Mr.  ¥.  li.  Meek  (Sixth  Ann.  Kep.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.  1872,  p.  487), 
tiiat  Mr.  Corda's  names  should  be  adopted  and  the  subsequent  name, 
Couocephalites,  proposed  by  Mr.  Barrande  in  1852,  treated  as  a  syn- 
onym. Mr.  Corda  used  the  same  type  species  in  proposing  the  genus 
Conocoryphe,  and  there  does  not  appear  to  be  sufficient  reason  for 
refusing  to  adopt  the  name.  Of  the  value  of  the  genus  Ptychoparia 
paleontologists  may  differ,  but  if  we  unite  before  our  minds  the  char- 
acters of  Ptychoparia  striata  and  P.  Emmrichi,  the  tyi)es  referred  to  by 
Mr. Corda,  and  then  bring  together  the  group  represented  by  Conocoryphe 
Suteri,  G.  coronatua,  C.  exsuJans,  Linnnrsson,  G.  solvensia,  Hicks,  and 
C.  Matthetci,  Hartt,  in  the  same  manner,  we  will  observe  differences  that, 
to  me,  appear  to  be  of  undoubted  generic  value.  This  division  may  be 
carried  still  further  if  we  adopt  Mr.  Corda's  third  division  of  Cono- 
cephalus,  Ctenocephalus,  as  a  subgenus  of  Conocoryphe,  and  place 
C.  coronatus,  G.  Matthewi,  C.  exsulamt,  and  allied  species  under  it. 
From  Mr.  G.  F.  Matthew's  study  of  G.  Matthewi  I  am  very  much 
inclined  to  adopt  Ctenocephalus  in  that  manner. 

Mr.  Meek  (loc.  cit.)  thinks  that  in  adopting  this  view  the  generic 
name  Ptychoparia  will  necessarily  be  applied  to  nearly  all  the  species 
of  the  Conocephalidsf  described  from  American  rocks.  With  some  con- 
siderable exception  this  is  true,  and  especially  so  of  the  group  placed 
under  the  generic  name  of  Crepice})hahis,  by  Messrs.  Hall  and  Whit- 
field (Geol.  Expl.  Fortieth  Par.,  vol.  iv,  p.  209,  1877).  They  revived 
the  genus  w  hich  was  proposed  by  Mr.  Owen  (Geol.  Surv.  Iowa,  Wis., 
and  Minn.,  p.  576),  making  C.  Haguei  the  first  species. 

For  the  purpose  of  i)lacing  before  all  the  means  of  comparing  the 
types  of  the  two  genera,  they  are  figured  side  bj'  side  on  plate  v. 
Ptychoparia  striatus,  the  type  of  the  genus,  has  two  more  segments 
in  the  thorax  than  P.  Haguei,  but  that  is  not  a  character  of  generic 
value  of  itself.  Of  Mr.  Owen's  type  of  the  genus  Crepicephalus,  G. 
loicensis,  only  the  head  is  known,  although  the  pygidium  usually 
associated  with  the  head  is  peculiar  and  might  give  rise  to  a  subgeneric 
group,  but  not  as  defined  by  Mr.  Owen  or  Messrs.  Hall  and  Whitfield. 

Ptychoparia  Emmrichi,  Barr.  (Syst.  Silur  de  Boheme.  1,  p.  428,  plate  ii. 
Figs.  2-U),  the  second  species  arranged  under  the  genus  by  Mr.  Corda, 
diifei's  in  having  the  central  portion  of  th  '  head  between  the  sutures  in 

(315) 


\XA 


;i 


<, 


I  1 


86 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


(BULL.  10. 


i 


=1 


i 


front  of  the  eyes  narrower  tlian  in  /'.  striata,  a  feature  quite  prominent  in 
the  specieHfrom  the  Potsdiuu  group  in  Wisconsin,  etc.  The  pygidium  is 
also  more  like  that  of  P.  Hnffuei,  an«l  the  pleura  have  less  angular  ex- 
tremities. If  the  student  ^vill  compare  hg.  4,  i)hite  ii  (Syst.  Silur.  de  Bo- 
hdmo,  vol.  i,  1852),  P.  Emmrkhi,  witli  llg.  7  of  plate  xiii  of  the  same 
work,  I  think  that  he  will  scarcely  wish  to  place  the  two  species  in  two 
subgeneric  groups.  If  not,  there  appears  to  he  no  other  way  but  to  place 
Crepicephalus  as  a  synonym  of  Ptychoparia  for  all  species  except  P. 
{CrcpivephaluH)  lowemis,  where  it  may  be  used  as  a  subgenus  on  account 
of  the  peculiar  pygidiunt.  The  genus  Loganellus  1  )evine  (Geol.  Canada, 
Pal.  Foss.,  vol.  i,  p.  200),  is  of  the  same  type  as  Ptychoparia  tJmmriohi, 
and  is  considered  by  Messrs.  Hall  and  VVhittield  as  identical  with  Ore- 
ciphalus  =  Ptychoparia  Hayuti.  Solenopleura  Angeliu  (Pal.  Scan.,  ]>. 
26)  and  Liostracus  Angeliu  each  ajiproach  this  group.  Liostracus  rep- 
resents the  forms  with  the  glabella  devoid  of  furrows  and  the  presence 
of  ocular  ridges  on  the  fixed  cheeks,  and  is  a  convenient  subgeneric 
group.  Solenopleura  a])pears  to  be  of  the  sajiie  character  as  many  of 
the  species  placed  under  the  genus  Batiiyurus  by  Mr.  Billings,  and  1 
think  can  be  used  for  such  forms  as  Bathyurus  gregarius,  Billings  (Pal. 
Fobs.,  vol.  i,  p.  363),  and  nearly  all  the  species  referred  to  the  genus 
Bathyurus  from  the  Cambrian.  The  figure  of  the  type  species  of  So- 
lenopleura is  copied  on  plate  vi,  ftg.  3. 

Among  the  species  from  the  Saint  John  formation  Ptycoparia  Rabbi 
approaches  most  nearly  to  the  typical  forms  of  the  genus  Ptychoparia. 

Ptychoparia  Robbi,  Har 

Plate  vi,  figs.  1,1a. 

Conocephalites  Eobbi,  Hartt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2ded.,  p.  ..    ' 
Conocepluilitcg  formoBun,   Hartt,  18()8,  Aciulian  Geology,  Dawson,  2dcd.,  p.  Oo4. 

Description. — "  Head  without  movable  cheeks,  of  moderate  size,  de- 
pressed convex,  slightly  arched  in  front,  where  the  width  is  consider- 
ably less  than  behind;  length  about  equal  to  breadtii  in  fron.t. 

"  Glabella  ovate  conical,  sides  straight,  and  doiyai  iurruws  so  inclined 
as  to  meet  if  produced  iu  middle  part  of  anterior  ma'ff'j  ;  very  convex; 
more  elevated  in  the  middle ;  posterior  furrows  reachisig  about  one-third 
of  the  way  across  the  glabella,  directed  strongly  backwards,  and  reach- 
ing nearly  to  the  base  of  the  glabella ;  middle  furrows  less  distinctly 
marked,  short,  not  so  oblique  as  first ;  anterior  very  short,  appearing 
only  as  little  pits  or  depressions  on  the  sides  of  the  glabella. 

♦'  Occipital  ring  narrow,  convex,  widest  in  the  middle,  narrowing  to- 
wards the  sides,  which  are  turned  forward,  giving  to  it  a  crescent 
shape.  Occipital  furrow  deep  and  wMI  develoi)ed,  widest  in  the  middle, 
where  it  slightly  impresses  the  base  of  the  glabella ;  narrow  and  slightly 
bent  forward  at  the  ends.  Tiie  ring  bears  a  little,  short,  conical,  tuber- 
cle-like spine  in  the  middle,  directed  slightly  backwards. 

(316) 


WALCOTT,  I 


FAUNA   OF   THE   SAINT   JOHN   FORMATION. 


37 


"Fixod  clieckH,  frontal  limboni'tliird  to  oue-fourth  of  whole  length  of 
head,  with  »  narrow,  high,  convex  border,  inside  of  which  is  a  modor- 
at«'I.v  deep  furrow ;  cheek-lobes  (lepressed,  convex,  meeting  in  front, 
risiiij,' abrnplly  from  the  deep  dorsal  furrow,  on  the  borders  of  which 
they  reach  their  greatest  elevation,  which,  however,  is  not  equal  to 
that  of  glabella,  and  sloping  thence  roundly  towards  the  sides  and 
IVoiit.  'flie  posterior  limb  bears  a  deep,  wide,  airrow,  which  widens 
somewliat  near  extremity.  The  marginal  fold  is  very  narrow  and  of 
httle  prominence,  and  widens  a  little  in  the  outer  half.  The  posterior 
margin  bendssilightly  backwards  at  extremity  of  limb,  which  is  rounded." 

On  <'om|)aring  the  typo  spetsimeus  of  P.  Itohhi  and  P.  formoaus^ 
and  also  a  number  of  specimens  of  P.  Robbi,  I  am  unable  to  obtain 
gooil  specific  diflerences  between  them.  The  range  of  variation  is  slight 
and  the  two  extremes  are  intimately  united  by  specimens  possessing  the 
ciiaracters  of  each  in  a  more  or  less  fully  developed  condition.  P.for- 
ntoum  appears  to  have  been  founded  on  compressed  specimens  of  P. 
liohhL 

The  representative  type  of  P.  liobbi  occurs  in  the  Menevian  of  Wales 
as  the  very  closely  related  species  Pttjehoparia  (=Conocoryphe)  appla- 
luita,  Salter  (Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc,  vol.  xxv,  p.  53,  pi.  xxv,  figs.  1, 
L*,  4,  5).  In  Ptychoparia  {  =  Solenopleura)  cristata,  Linuarssou  (Afdrag 
ur  Geol.  Foreniugens,  i  Stockholm  Fiirhandl.  1877,  N:o.  40,  Band,  iii, 
N:o.  12,  p.  370),  from  the  Paradoxides  beds  of  Sweden,  we  find  an  allied 
si)eciea,  hiuI  Mr.  Linuarssou  compares  it  with  P.  Emmrichi,  the  nearest 
represem.itive  of  the  type  in  Bohemia. 

Formation  and  locality.— Camhrian.  Saint  .John  formation,  BatclifiTs 
Millstream,  N.  B. 

Ptychoparia  OtiANGONDiANA,  Hartt. 

Plate  V,  figs.  4,  4a-/. 

Conovephalites  ouangondianus,  Hartt,  1HG8,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2cl  ed.,  p.  651. 
Description. — "  Head  without  movable  cheeks ;  strongly  convex  in 
outline,  somewhat  subangular  in  front ;  much  narrower  iu  front  than 
ht'hind,  where  width  is  greater  than  the  length  ;  width  in  front  nearly 
oqual  to  length  ;  anterior  margin  wide,  with  a  strong  fold,  whose  axis 
is  strongly  inclined  forwards,  so  that  it  presents  a  short,  steep,  convex 
sUipe  forward,  and  a  long,  concave  slope  in  the  inner  side,  being  much 
U'ss  elevated  than  g'lbella  or  fixed  cheeks.  Glabella  long,  ovate-con- 
ical, nearly  twice  as  wide  posteriorly  as  in  front ;  very  convex,  slightly 
subanguhir  at  the  middle ;  sides  straight,  inclined  to  one  another  so 
as  to  meet  in  the  nuddle  of  front  margin  if  produced  ;  rounded  in  front ; 
casts  sometimes  showing  three  pairs  of  short,  raised,  transverse  lines 
ou  the  sides  of  the  glabella,  occupying  the  position  of  the  ordinary 
glabellar  furrows ;  of  these  the  two  posterior  are  directed  obliquely 
backwards.    In  some  specimens  there  seems  to  be  a  fourth  pair  in  ad- 

(317) 


111 


,  t 


A 

k4 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[bull.  10. 


WALCOTT.  I 


III 


«■■'■ 


vauce  of  the  other,  represented  by  little  tubercle-like  processes  situated 
on  the  side  of  the  glabella  in  front,  just  where  the  sides  curve  to  the 
front.  Glabella  very  much  more  convex  than  fixed  cheek.  Occipital 
ring  strongly  arc)!ed  upward,  and  separated  from  glabella  by  a  well- 
marked  groovb ;  middle  of  posterior  margin  produced  backwards  in  a 
short  conical  spine.  Fixed  cheeks  highest  along  dorsal  furrow,  towards 
which  they  pressed  abrupt  round  slopes,  while  their  general  surface 
slopes  gently  and  quite  evenly  towards  front  of  sutures.  The  dorsal 
furrows  are  confluent  in  front  with  the  flat  margin,  so  that  the  cheek- 
lobes  do  not  meet  in  front.  They  are  highest  along  the  straight  dorsal 
furrows,  but  where  they  bend  to  go  round  the  anterior  extremity  of 
glabella,  the  cheek-lobes  narrowing  and  curving  towards  each  other, 
gradually  sink  away  and  disappear  in  the  front  flattened  space.  The 
ocular  lobes  are  veiy  well  developed,  forming  subsemicircular  lappet- 
like lobes,  curved  strongly  upwards,  and  situated  about  opposite  the 
center  of  the  head.  An  ocular  ridge,  low  and  rounded,  but  very  prom- 
inent, runs  from  anterior  margin  of  ocular  lobes,  with  a  curve  almost 
parallel  with  front  margin  of  shield,  but  slightly  divergent  from  it  to 
the  dorsal  furrow,  which  it  gains  at  a  point  considerably  back  of  front 
of  glabella,  and  where  the  straight  part  of  the  dorsal  furrow  bends  to 
go  round  the  front.  Posterior  limb  short  and  broadly  rounded.  Post- 
marginal  furrows  less  deep  than  dorsal ;  wider ;  margimd  fold  narrow 
and  moderately  p'^ominent ;  shield  strongly  arched  transversely  ;  sur- 
face smooth." 

This  species  is  more  fully  represented  by  the  centnil  portion  of  the 
head  than  any  other  in  the  collection.  The  range  of  variation  appears 
to  have  been  small  originally,  but  the  distortion  by  lateral  and  ver- 
tical compression  gives  it  a  variety  of  forms.  Three  of  these  are  illus- 
trated. 

A  small  head  that  appears  to  be  uncompressed  looks  very  much  like 
that  of  P.  {Solenopleura)  cristata,  Linnarsson.  (See  dc-acription  of  F. 
Rohbi.)  Mr.  Hartt  speaks  of  this  species  as  rather  uncommon  at  Rat- 
clitt's  Mill  stream,  but  on  examii>ing  al?  the  duplicate  material  we  tind 
upwards  of  forty  specimens.  From  the  character  of  many  of  the  spec- 
imens it  appears  quite  probable  tljat  some  of  this  material  was  not  be 
fore  him  when  he  wrote  the  notes  on  the  species. 

Formation  and  locality. — OcUibrian.  ►.'^aint  John  formation,  Eatclitt's 
Millstream,  N.  B. 

PTYCHOPARIA  OirANGONDTANA,  var.  AURORA,  Hartt. 

Plato  V,  fig.  5. 

ConocejiluiUtes  aurora,  Hartt,  1668,  Acadian  Geologj',  Dawson,  2d  od.,  p.  653. 

Description.  —  "Resembles  C.  ovangondiamim,  but  differs  in  wider 
head,  more  depressed  ;  anterior  margin  more  broadly  rounded,  and 
border  more  strongly  reflexed  and  elevated." 

(318) 


To  m< 
diana  U 
give  th( 
8ubqua( 
importa 
variatioi 
and  unit 

Fornm 
stream. 


Conocephali 

Descrij. 

slightly  c 

fold,  con  A 

goes  roun 

There  a 

collection 

.it  once  ft 

rora,  fron: 

rim  and  tl 

but  two  ti 

Formati 

a  little  noi 


Conocephalitei 
Conflcephalite 

Uescripti 

is  of  mediu 

thirds  widt 

wide,  low  I 

arated  froir 

ovate,  coni< 

than  in  froi 

clined  to  on 

of  margin  ii 

Tbe  glabell 

There  are  tl 

glabella,  an 

they  are  api 

furrow  narri 

die,  narrowc 


WALCOTT.  I 


FAUNA   OF  THE   SAINT  JOHN   FORMATION. 


39 


To  me  the  distinctive  (jharacter  between  this  species  and  P.  ouangon- 
(liana  is  in  the  form  of  the  glabella.  Compression  and  distortion  may 
give  the  depressed  broader  form  and  reflexed  rim,  but  not  entirely  the 
subquadrate  glabella,  that  appears  to  be  a  feature  of  original  varietal 
importance.  With  a  large  series  of  specimens  of  this  form  showing  its 
variations,  the  tendency  will  be  to  deprive  it  even  of  a  varietal  name 
and  unite  it  directly  with  P.  Ouangondiana. 

Formation  and  locality. — With  the  preceding  species  at  Katcliflfs  Mill- 
stream,  N.  B. 

Ptychoparia  qitadrata,  Hartt. 

Plate  V,  lig.  1. 

ConocephalUea  quadrata,  Hartt,  1868,  Acauian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  654. 

Description. — "Head  minute,  transversely  oblong,  twice  as  long, 
slightly  curved  in  front,  straight  behind,  very  flat ;  a  narrow  elevated 
fold,  convex  in  front,  concave  behind,  and  somewhat  inclined  backward, 
goes  round  the  margin." 

There  appears  to  be  but  one  specimen  representing  this  species  in  the 
collection.  The  strongly-marked  subquadrate  glabella  distinguishes  it 
at  once  from  the  associated  species  except  P.  ouangondianus,  var.  au- 
rora, from  which  it  is  Si^arcely  separated  by  the  character  of  the  frontal 
rim  and  the  stronger  ocular  ridges.  The  entire  length  of  the  head  is 
but  two  millimeters. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation.  Portland, 
a  little  northward  of  Saint  John,  N.  B. 

Ptychopaeia  Orestes,  Hartt. 

Plate  V,  fig.  3,  3a. 

Conoceplialitea  orestes,  Hartt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  D.a^son,  2d  eil.,  p.  649, 
Conocephalitea  Halli,  Hartt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,p.  654. 

Description, — "  The  head-shield  of  this  species  without  movable  chee'ko 
is  of  medium  size,  length  about  equal  to  breadth  in  front,  or  to  two- 
tbirds  width  behind  j  margin  arched  moderately  in  front,  with  a  rather 
wide,  low  border  fold,  widest  in  front,  narrowing  toward  the  sides,  sep- 
arated from  the  rest  of  t!ie  head  by  a  shallow  groove.  Glabella  long, 
ovate,  conical,  or  cyliudrico-conical,  extremely  convex,  wider  behind 
than  in  front,  where  it  ii^  rounded.  The  sides  are  straight,  and  so  in- 
clined to  one  another  as  to  meet,  if  produced,  at  a  distance  in  advance 
of  margin  in  front  ab'  .it  eq*' .  o  the  distance  of  that  liiie  from  glabella. 
The  glabella  is  flattened  on  the  sides  and  never  regularly  convex. 
There  are  three  pairs  of  furrows,  which  lightly  impress  the  sides  of  the 
glabella,  and  of  which  traces  are  not  always  distinctly  preserved,  and 
they  are  apt  to  be  otcn  best  in  slightly  distorted  specimens.  Dorsal 
furrow  narrow,  deep,  and  sharply  cut ;  occipital  ring  widest  in  the  mid- 
dle, narrowed  from  behind  at  the  sides,  separated  from  glabella  by  a 

(3») 


■'.f.- 


iM 


■  (it  &;J>  -1 


40 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[bull.  10. 


WALCOTT.] 


distinct  furrow.  Bears  in  the  middle  a  minute  tubercular  spiue  point- 
ing upwards  Fixed  cheeks  strongly  convex,  but  much  less  so  than  the 
glabella,  meeting  in  front  with  abrupt  slopes  t<oward  dorsal  and  poste- 
rior marginal  furrows,  bat  with  gentle  rounded  slopes  toward  sides  and 
anterior  groove.  Ocular  ridges,  marked  as  lightly  raised  lines,  origi- 
nating at  the  dorsal  furrow  some  distance  behind  the  front  of  the  gla- 
bella, and  rising  obliquely  upwards  and  backwards  to  ocular  lobes 
which  are  small  and  semi-lunar,  folded  considerably  upwards,  and  are 
sjjiated  just  opposite  middle  of  head;  width  between  ocular  lobes 
about  equal  to  the  width  in  front.  Behind  the  eye  the  suture  describes 
a  long  open  sigmoid  curve,  which  is  continued  inward  somewhat  so  as 
to  give  the  limb  a  rounded  outline,  and  make  the  cheek  here  about  one- 
third  wider  than  at  the  eye.  Posterior  margin  of  cheeks  with  a  slight 
fold,  more  prominent  in  the  middle ;  outer  half  of  this  margin  is  arched 
backwards.    Whole  head  arched  slightly  forward  vertically." 

The  relations  of  this  species  are  with  both  P.  Eobbi  and  P.  Ouangon- 
diana.  From  the  former,  the  character  of  the  frontal  rim  and  the 
more  elongate  glabella  serves  to  separate  it,  and  from  the  latter  the 
rounded  rim-like  frontal  border  instead  of  the  broader  flattened  mar- 
gin.   The  relations  of  P.  Orestes  and  P.  Ouangondiana  are  very  close. 

Specimen  No.  59  is  recorded  in  M.  Hartt's  list  as  Gonocephalites  Halli, 
and  that  name  is  scratched  ou  the  slate  besidn  the  specimen.  The 
figure  in  the  Acadian  Geology  (Fig.  227)  was  certainly  not  drawn  from 
this  specimen,  but  the  description  appears  to  have  been. 

Descrijition. — "  Well  separated  from  all  others  bj-  its  very  convex, 
narrow,  and  long  glabella,  ovate,  or  cylindroconical,  as  well  as  by  its 
strongly-rounded  sub-angular  outline  in  front,  and  by  its  peculiar  ante- 
rior marginal  fold." 

I  have  studied  the  type  specimens  and  also  the  representations  of 
P.  Orestes  and  Mr.  Hartt's  6'.  Halli  in  the  collection,  and  it  appears  to 
be  impossible  to  find  characters  that  are  persistent  in  a  series  of  indi- 
viduals to  separate  them  as  distinct  species. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Ratcliff's 
Millstream,  N.  B.  The  type  of  Mr.  Hartt's  C.  Halli  is  from  the  same 
locality. 

Ptychoparia  Orestes,  var.  Thersites,  Hartt. 

Plate  V,  iig.  2. 
CoHcephaliles  Thersites,  Haitt,  18C8,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2(1  od.,  p.  053. 

Description. — "  Differs  from  the  last  (Conocephalitea  Aurora)  and 
also  from  C.  Ouangondianum  in  the  front  margin  being  broad  and  flat, 
and  bordered  by  a  low,  narrow,  flattened  fold  or  ridge,  &c.  Glabella 
in  tiie  vast  has  tliree  pairs  of  very  short  raised  lines  on  the  sides." 

This  species  appears  to  have  been  foundo'3  01  a  single  somcvrhat 
distorted  head,  exclusive  of  the  free  cheeks,     its  relations  to  P.  Ores- 

(320) 


ies  are  v 
in  a  prel 
and  poor 
limits  of 
Formal 
Millstrea 


m 

I 


Conocephalii 
Conoceplialii 

Bescript 

in  front,  v 

conlractec 

strongly  d 

higher  ala 

of  specii'i 

to  be  inclii 

abruptly 

rowed,  ant 

abruptly ; 

ring  projec 

of  its  fold 

into  a  shori 

arched,  as  i 

"  Fixed  e 

abruptly  tc 

tremities  of 

base.    Che( 

the  glabella 

that  begin  t 

of  glabella, 

antero-postc 

bond  backw 

tlieir  extren 

the  ocular  lo 

ocular  ridge 

the  same  ap] 

tlie  former,  t 

from  the  nu 

"l>riiptly  alo 

curve,  whose 

considerably 

KliilH'')n  abo 

'i^lge  i;,  u.sua 


WALCOTT.) 


FAUNA    OF   THE    SAINT    JOHN    FORMATION 


m 


ten  are  very  close,  and  I  had  placed  it  with  C.  HalU  under  P.  Orestes 
iu  a  preliminary  study  of  the  species.  The  material  is  so  fragmentary 
and  poorly  preserved  that  it  is  dif&cult  to  satisfactorily  determine  the 
limits  of  many  of  the  species. 

Formation  and  loeality. — Cambrian.    Saint  John  formation,  Eatcliff's 
Millstream,  N.  B. 

Ptychoparia  tener,  Hartt. 

Plate  V,  figs.  6,  Ga,  b. 

ConocephalUes  tener,  Hartt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  652. 
Conocejihalitea  neglectus,  Hartt,  1868,  Acadian  Geology,  Dawson,  2d  ed.,  p.  654. 

Description. — "  Minute,  j^labella  ovate-conical,  truncate  at  base,  rounded 
ill  front,  where  it  is  about  half  as  wide  as  at  occipital  furrow,  slightly 
contracted  behind,  length  about  equal  to  width  at  occipital  furrow, 
strongly  de])r'\ispd  convex,  more  elevated  at  base  than  at  front,  and 
higher  ala-  •  ^Im  "sed  cheeks ;  aspect  varies  with  state  of  preservation 
of  specii»^!7  >  \: :  .  i,e,  rounded,  convex,  or  concave;  the  middle  seemH 
to  be  incliuv  j  t<  project  back  slightly  over  the  occipital  furrow,  slopes 
abruptly  to  occipital  furrow,  which  is  moderately  deep,  wide,  and  nar- 
rowed, and  slightly  inclined  forward  at  the  ends,  where  it  terminates 
abruptly ;  bounding  groove  deeper  than  other  grooves  in  head ;  occipital 
ring  projecting  backward  bodily  beyond  higher  margin,  with  the  axis 
of  its  fold  Inclined  more  or  less  backwai'd,  and  produced  in  the  middle 
into  a  short  conical  backward  inclined  spine ;  anterior  limb  regularly 
arched,  as  if  the  outlines  of  the  complete  head  were  semicircular. 

"Fixed  cheeks,  anterior  border  broad,  fiat  concave, rising  more  or  less 
abruptly  to  a  sharp,  thin,  marginal  fold;  width  between  anterior  ex- 
tremities of  cheek  sutures  "qua!  to  or  about  twice  width  of  glabella  at 
base.  Cheek-lobes  but  si '  -  ii  !y  convex,  and  much  more  depressed  than 
the  i;labella.  Ocular  ri<:'.>8  rry  distinct,  thin,  sharj),  elevated  ridges, 
that  begin  about  inn'ci  ci  .»  cr'  oheek-lobes,  just  behind  rounded  front 
of  glabella,  runoutwan  a  ,  'jacizward  at  an  angle  of  60°  to  65°  to  the 
anteroposterior  diameter.  ^  o'  me  at  first  straight,  but  soon  begin  to 
bend  backward  more  and  more  abruptly,  forming  st  fragment  of  a  s])ii'al, 
their  extremities  being  slightly  directed  inwards.  The  width  between 
the  ocular  lobes  is  about  equal  to  twice  the  ler.gth  of  the  glabella.  The 
ocular  ridges  are  inclined  outwards  and  forwards.  Another  ridge  of 
the  same  appearance  begins  a  very  sh«/rt  distance  behind  the  origin  of 
the  former,  and  on  the  very  margin  of  the  cheek-lobes,  and,  diverging 
from  the  margin  nej-;  '  opposite  to  the  base  of  the  glabella,  bends  off 
abruptly  along  the  ,)'  r<  \"')r  margin  of  the  cheek-lobe,  describing  a 
curve,  whose  convexity  lircctod  backwards.  This  ridge  terminates 
considerably  outside  of  the  ocular  lobe,  ..t  a  point  distant  from  the 
^labe'la  about  equal  to  half  the  width  of  the  latter  at  its  base.  This 
xidge  '\:^  usually  found  incliued  in  the  opposite  direction  to  the  former, 

(321) 


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42 


CAMBRIAN   PADNA   OP  NORTH   AMERICA. 


fnt'ti..  10. 


viz,  inward  and  backward.  Posterior  margin  of  fixed  cheeks  moder- 
ately and  regnlarly  S  curved,  the  inner  halves  carving  forwards,  the  outer 
halves  backwards,  with  a  marginal  fold  most  elevated  in  the  middle, 
but  much  less  so  than  the  ridges  of  the  cheek-lobe  or  the  anterior  fold. 
This  fold  becomes  double  at  about  the  middle,  by  thie  appearance  of  a 
groove  running  along  its  summit,  and  it  appears  to  run  out  before  reach- 
ing the  lateral  suture.  The  width  between  the  posterior  extremities  of 
cheek  sutures  is  considerably  greater  than  between  the  anterior  ex- 
tremities or  between  the  ocular  lobes.    Glabella  without  furrows." 

This  is  a  very  striking  and  peculiar  species,  owing  to  the  develop- 
ment of  the  sharp  ocular  ridges  and  the  ridges  between  them  and  the 
glabella. 

Associated  with  P.  tener  is  a  form  described  by  Mr.  Hartt  as  0.  neg- 
lectus : 

Description. — "  Glabella  regular!  s^^mi-elliptical ;  length,  exclusive  of 
occipital  ring,  about  two-thirds  of  ti  ■.  ^atbase,  moderately  convex. 

Highest  at  middle  of  base  and  sloping  .  a  regular  curve  toward  the 
front.  Traces  of  two  pairs  of  glabellar  lurrows  on  the  sides.  Occipital 
furrow  deep  and  concave.  Occipital  ring  with  straight  parallel  mar- 
gins, narrow,  with  a  short  conical  spine  directed  upward." 

The  type  specimen,  No.  341,  of  Mr.  Hartt's  list,  shows  Tae  same  ocular 
ridges  as  in  P.  tener  and  also  the  same  ridges  on  the  inner  side  of  the 
palpebral  lobes.  The  specimen  has  been  compressed  so  as  to  shorten 
and  widen  the  glal>ella,  and  give  it  the  characters  mentioned  by  Mr. 
Hnrtt.  On  the  evidence  of  the  material  in  the  collection,  it  does  not 
ai)pear  to  represent  a  distinct  species  from  P.  tener. 

Formation  and  locality. — Cambrian.  Saint  John  formation,  Portland, 
a  little  northward  of  Saint  John,  N.  B. 

(322) 


FAUNA    OF   THE    BRAINTREB    ARGIIililTES. 


Wishing  to  examine  typical  si)eciinen8  of  Paradoxides  Harlani,  the 
writer  visited  Boston,  and  through  tl»e  kindness  of  Mr.  Alpheus  Hyatt, 
curator  in  charge  of  the  collections  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural 
History,  he  not  only  obtained  Jiccess  to  the  collection  from  the  Brain- 
troe  argillites,  but  the  loan  of  such  specimens  as  were  wished  for  study 
and  illustration.  Mr.  Alexander  Agassiz  also  gave  permission  to  use 
material  in  the  collections  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  and 
Mr.  N.  S.  Shaler  pV'.ced  his  private  collection  at  the  writer's  disposal. 
It  is  owing  to  these  favorable  conditions  that  I  am  able  to  present  at 
tills  time  illustrations  .and  descriptions  of  the  fauna  of  the  Braintree  ar- 
gillites. 

The  first  notice  of  the  presence  of  fossils  in  the  patches  of  argillite 
associated  with  the  Quincy  granite  in  the  north  end  of  the  town  of  Brain- 
tree,  IMass.,  was  by  the  late  Mr.  William  B.  Eogers,  who  called  the  at- 
tention of  the  members  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  to  it 
when  exhibiting  specimens  of  a  large  trilobite  i'onnd  at  Hayward's 
quarry  (Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  vi,  p.  27,  185G).  Subse- 
I  quently  Mr.  JRogers  traced  the  history  of  the  trilobite  described  by  Mr. 
Jacob  Green  as  Pnradoxides  Harlani,  in  1834,  and  showed  quite  conclu- 
sively that  it  came  from  Hayward's  quarry  and  was  identical  with  the 
species  found  there.  Mr.  Henry  D.  Kogers  published  the  best  figure  of 
the  species  yet  given,  with  remarks  on  its  discovery,  «&c.  (Geol.  Surv. 
[Penii.,  vol.  ii,  p.  816,  1858). 

Numerous  collectors  obtained  specimens  of  Paradoxides  Harlani,  but 
I  it  is  not  until  1801  that  we  find  any  notice  of  other  species.    Mr.  Albert 
Ordway  then  states  that  lie  had  found  a  fragment  of  a  trilobite  similar 
to  that  described  in  the  Paradoxides  beds  of  Newfoundland,  in  associa- 
tion with  Paradoxides  Bcnnetti,  and  which  he  referred  to  the  genus  El- 
llipsocephalus.    He  also  mentions  the  discovery  of  "  a  distinct  fucoidal 
[impression  which  shows  three  branches,  each  about  4  inches  long,  but 
not  sufficiently  well  marked  to  aflbrd  any  evidence  with  regard  to  its 
nature"  (Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  viii,  p.  6, 1862).    The  small 
jtrilobito  is  probably  the  same  as  that  subsequently  described  by  Mr.  R. 
|P.  Whitfield  as  Arionellus  =  Agraulos  quadrangularis  (Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
li^^at.  Hist.,  vol.  i,  p.  147,  1884).    Mr.  Ordway  also  published  a  figure  of 
Itlie  head  of  Paradoxides  Harlani,  when  comparing  that  species  with 
iPamdo.vides  spinosus,  Boeck,  which  Mr.  Barrande  considered  as  identical 
pith  P.  Harlani  (Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  France,  vol.  xvii,  pp.  545-548,  1860). 
In  the  year  1803  a  restored  figure  of  Paradoxides  Harlani,  by  Mr.  F. 

(323)  -  43 


•  I  'A  it;' 


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44 


CAM  BUT  AN  FAUNA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[BULL.  10. 


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B.  Meek,  was  published  iu  Diiiia's  IMimual  of  Geology  and  repeated  in 
each  subsequent  edition  of  the  Mauual.  This  very  well  represents  the 
general  characters  of  the  species. 

The  publication  of  the  second  described  species  by  Mr.  Whitfield 
gives  a  stronger  interest  to  the  fauna,  which  is  now  increased  by  the 
addition  of  another  species  of  trilobite,  Ptychoparia  Eogersi,  and  a  si)e- 
cies  of  Pteropod,  Jlyolithes  Shaleri. 

In  seeking  for  a  fauna  in  the  Cambrian  system  of  North  America  to 
compare  with  that  of  the  Braintree  argillites,  we  are  at  once  directed  to 
the  Paradoxides  beds  of  Newfoundland  by  the  almost  perfect  identity 
of  the  leatling  type  of  each  locality,  Paradoxides  Harlani  and  P.  Bennetti. 
1  think  it  has  yet  to  be  decided  that  the  two  are  distinct  species.  By- 
oHthes  excellens,  Billings  y"al.  Foss.,  vol.  ii,  pt.  1,  p.  70, 1874),  is  very 
closely  related  to  JT.  Shaleri,  more  so  than  to  any  other  American  spe- 
cies, and  Agraulos  sociaMs,  Billings  {loc.  cit,  p.  71),  is  of  the  same  type 
as  A.  quadrangularis,  Whitfield,  as  shown  by  figure  1  of  plate  vii. 
Ptychoparia  Rogersi  does  not  appear  to  be  represented  in  the  Newfound- 
laud  Paradoxides  beds,  unless  it  be  by  Ptychoparia  (Solenopleura)  com- 
munis, Billings  {loc.  cit.,  p.  72). 

Mr.  Barrande  has  shown  the  strong  resemblance  between  Paradoxides 
spinosus,  of  the  Bohemian  Basin,  and  P.  Harlani;  and  the  Paradoxides 
beds  of  Sweden,  Bohemia,  Wales,  Newfoundland,  and  Braintree  have 
frequently  been  correlated  in  a  general  manner  by  authors. 

Genus  HYOLITHES,  Eichwald. 
Hyolithes  Shaleri,  n.  sp. 

Plate  vii,  ligs.  4  4a-c. 

i'orm  an  elongate  triangular  pyramid,  slightly  arching  towards  the 
dorsal  side  and  expanding  regularly  from  the  apex  towards  the  aper- 
ture. Transverse  section  midway  of  the  length,  semielliptical,  with  a 
width  twice  as  great  as  the  height ;  the  lateral  angles  acute.  Ventral 
face  gently  convex  transversely,  curving  slightly  longitudinally.  Dor- 
sal face  strongly  convex,  and  showing  a  slight  tendency  to  become 
angular  at  the  center,  a  little  concave  longitudinally.  From  the  direc 
tion  of  the  surface  lines  the  aperture  sippears  to  have  been  oblique. 
Opercolum  unknown.  Surface  marked  by  lines  of  growth  thsit  on  the| 
dorsal  side  are  nearly  transverse,  and  on  the  ventral  side  arched  for 
ward ;  traces  of  fine  longitudinal  lines  are  shown  in  the  matrix  of  the  | 
ventral  side. 

JHmciisions. — Tjength,  about  90""" ;  breadth  of  aperture,  23""° ;  height  I 
of  aperture,  about  14""".  The  apex  is  broken  away,  and  the  aperture  a  | 
little  crushed  by  compression. 

The  most  nearly  related  American  species  is  Hyolithes  excellens,  Bill  I 
ings  (Pal.  Foss.,  vol.  ii,  pt.  1,  p.  70,  fig.  39, 1874),  from  Smith's  Sound,] 

(324) 


WALCOTT.J 


FAUNA   OP  THE   BRAINTBEE    ARGILLITES. 


45 


Trinity  Bay,  New  Foundland.  Mr.  Billings's  description  and  figures  lead 
me  to  think  that  the  two  species  are  closely  allied,  but  still  distinct, 
species. 

The  specific  name  is  given  in  honor  of  the  discoverer  of  the  specimen 
illustrated,  Mr.  N.  S.  Shaler,  Paleontologist  of  Harvard  University. 

Formation  and  locality. — Lower  Cambrian.  Braintree  argillites,  Hay- 
w!»:d'8  Quarry,  South  Braintree,  Mass. 

Genus  PARADOXIDES,  Brongniart. 

Pabadoxides  Harlani,  Green. 

Plate  vii,  fig.  3;  plate  viii,  figs.  1,  lo-e;  plate  ix,  fig.  1. 

Paradoxidei  Harlani,  Green,  1834,  Amer.  Joum.  Sci.,  vol.  xxv,  p.  336. 

Rogers,  Win.  B.,  1856.     .   -oc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  vi,  pp.  27-29,  pp. 

40-44 ;  ibid.,  Stodder,  p.  369.     Rogers,  Wm.  B.,  also  in  Amer.  Jour.  Sci.,  2d 

ser.,  vol.  xxii,  p.  296.    Rogers,  H.  D.,  1858.    Geol.  Penn.,  vol.  ii,  p.  816. 

fig.  590. 
Ordway,  1861.    Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  viii,  pp.  1-5;  I'&id.,  Jackson, 

p.  58. 
Dana    1863.     Manual  of  Geology,  p.  189,  fig.  245.    This  figure  appears  in  each 

subsequent  edition  of  the  Manual. 
Compare  Paradoxidea  spinosua,  Boeck. 

Mr.  Green's  original  description  is  as  follows : 

Description. — "  The  contour  of  the  buckler  in  this  species  cannot  be 
satisfactorily  determined  from  our  present  specimen ;  the  anterior  and 
posterior  parts  of  it  are  well  defined,  but  the  cheeks  on  each  side  are 
either  mutilated  or  obscured.  The  front  is  very  much  elevated  above 
the  surface  of  the  cheeks.  It  rises  a  little  before  the  anterior  edge  of 
the  buckler,  is  rounded  in  front,  and  gradually  tapers  towards  the  mid- 
dle lobe  of  the  abdomen,  with  which  it  forms  a  regular  continuation. 
On  its  posterior  surface  there  are  three  transverse  furrows ;  the  upper 
one  crosses  it  a  little  obliquely,  and  there  is  on  each  side  above  a  con- 
siderable protuberance.  The  cheeks  were,  no  doubt,  in  the  form  of 
spherical  triangles,  but  whether  the  outer  angles  terminated  in  acute 
prolongations  cannot,  from  our  specimen,  be  determined.  The  organs  of 
vision  appear  to  be  entirely  wanting.  There  are  two  shallow  depres- 
sions on  each  side  of  the  cheeks,  commencing  near  the  protuberances  on 
tlie  front,  and  running  towards  the  lateral  edges  of  the  buckler.  The 
posterior  border  of  the  buckler,  where  it  joins  the  lobes  of  the  abdomen, 
is  marked  by  a  transverse  groove,  nearly  continuous  with  the  lower 
transverse  furrow  on  the  front ;  this  groove  at  its  commencement  ap- 
pears to  bifurcate  outwards.  The  abdomen  and  tail  cannot  be  distin- 
guished from  each  other.  There  are  seventeen  distinct  articulations  in 
both.  The  middle  lobe  is  very  convex,  and  is  separated  from  the  lateral 
ones  by  a  deep  channel ;  it  gradually  tapers  to  an  obtuse  tip.  In  our 
specimen  there  is  a  small  part  of  the  tail  of  another  trilobite  deposited 
in  this  place,  which  at  first  sight  api)ears  to  be  a  dislocated  fragment 

(325) 


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46 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OF  NORTH  AMRRICA. 


IBUIX.  10. 


1 

1'- 

i  ^ 

■ 

of  jiir  animal.  The  lateral  lobes  are  flattened ;  the  costal  arches  arc 
very  distinct  near  their  insertion,  and  for  about  half  their  length,  but 
towards  their  free  extremities  tliey  are  a  good  deal  obliterated.  There 
appears  to  have  been  a  delicate  membranaceous  prolongation  for  a  con- 
siderable distance  beyond  the  solid  portion  of  each  rib.  This  organiza- 
tion is  very  apparent  on  the  costal  arches  of  the  tail.  There  is  a  deep 
groove  running  obliqnely  over  the  upper  surface  of  each  rib.  Length  of 
the  fossil  about  9  inches ;  breadth,  about  4  inches." 

Mr.  Green  did  not  know  the  true  locality  of  the  specimen  sent  to  hiin 
by  Mr.  Harlan,  and  it  was  not  until  twenty-two  years  after  that  Mr.  W. 
B.  Kogers  announced  the  discovery  of  ai)eciraeu8  of  the  same  species  at 
South  Braintree,  near  Boston,  Mass.,  identifying  the  locality  of  the  spec- 
imen used  by  Mr.  Green  in  his  original  description.  The  description  is 
unaccompanied  by  figures,  but  fortunately  Mr.  Green  made  numerous 
casts  of  the  type,  one  of  which  is  now  before  me.  It  is  the  narrow  form 
of  the  species,  measuring  22"'"  in  length  by  about  14°'"  in  width  across 
the  back  of  the  head,  and  12"'"  across  the  wi«lest  portion  of  the  thorax. 
The  palpebral  lobes  and  movable  cheeks  are  broken  away,  also  the  pos- 
terior segment  of  the  thorax  and  the  i)ygidium  is  displaced.  Mr.  Green 
describes  the  species  as  having  17  thoracic  segments ;  but  in  a  very  fiue 
specimen  now  in  the  collection  of  the  Boston  Society  of  ¥  tural  History, 
18  segments  are  shown  between  the  head  and  pygidium ;  and  Mr.  Henry 
D.  Eogers  gives  a  very  perfect  figure  with  18  thoracic  segments. 

Mr.  Ordway,  in  making  a  comparison  between  that  species  and  the 
Bohemian  P.  spinosus  (Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  viii,  p.  3),  gives 
an  outline  figure  of  the  head  of  P.  Harlani,  which  is  evidently  a  restored 
figure  made  up  from  fragments. 

At  the  request  of  Mr.  J .  D.  Dana,  Mr.  F.  B.  Meek  drew  a  figure  of  P. 
Harlani  for  the  Manual  of  Geology',  from  more  or  less  fragmentary  speci- 
mens in  Mr.  Dana's  collection.  This  is  one  of  the  best,  but  not  the  best 
(see  Rogers's  figure),  representations  of  the  species  yet  published ;  but 
in  the  presence  of  19  segments  in  the  thorax,  and  the  short  extension  of 
the  posterior  pleurfe  and  other  details,  it  varies  from  specimens  before 
us.  There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  species  in  the  relative  length 
and  breadth  of  individufils.  In  a  form  similar  to  the  type,  the  length  is 
21"™,  and  the  greatest  breadth  of  the  thorax  10"".  In  two  broad  speci- 
mens the  length  is  25'""  and  SS""' ;  the  breadth  of  the  thorax  1C«'°  and 
20°°'.,  respectively.  This  variation  is  also  shown  in  the  pygidium,  as  may 
be  seen  by  comparing  figs,  16,  c,  d  of  plate  viii.  In  the  head  the  great- 
est variation  is  seen  in  the  contour  of  the  frontal  margin  and  the  grad- 
ual development  of  the  frontal  limb  and  rim.  On  the  small  specimens 
the  frontal  limb  is  very  short  and  more  or  less  rounded.  With  the  in 
crease  in  size,  the  space  between  the  glabella  and  the  marginal  rim  in- 
creases in  width,  and  the  latter  broadens  and  flattens  out.  Our  informa- 
tion respecting  the  posterolateral  spines  of  the  head  is  limited.  On  the  j 
narrow  form,  fig.  1,  plate  ix,  they  extend  back  to  a  point  opposite  the  | 

(326) 


i:  )• 


WALCOTT.l 


FAUNA   OP   THE   BRAINTREE   ABGILLITES. 


47 


fourteenth  thoracic  segment ;  and  the  movable  cheek,  fig.  3,  plate  vii, 
Hhows  a  long,  well-developed  spine.  There  is  a  limited  range  of  varia- 
tiou  iu  the  extension  ot  the  pleuree  of  the  thoracic  segments,  but  the 
material  for  study  is  too  limited  to  say  what  value  may  be  placed  upon 
it.  In  reviewing  all  the  variations,  I  do  not  think  that  more  than  one 
species  is  indicated.  A  narrow  and  broad  variety  might  be  designated 
if  thought  desirable. 

Of  American  species  of  the  genus  Paradoxides,  P.  Bennetti,  Salter 
(Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc,  vol.  xv,  p.  552,  fig.  1, 1859),  from  Newfound- 
land, is  the  most  nearly  related.  The  figure  accompanying  Mr.  Salter's 
description  appears  to  have  been  taken  from  a  distorted  specimen,  as 
the  two  specimens  now  before  me,  although  imperfect,  show  aform  very 
similar  to  that  of  P.  Harlani. 

Mr.  Ordway  has  described  the  differences  between  P.  Harlani,  Green, 
aud  P.  Hpinosus,  Boeck  (Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  viii,  pp.  1-5, 
18G1),  and  from  my  own  observations  and .  comparisons  I  cannot  but 
agree  with  Mr.  Ordway  that  the  two  species  are  represented.  Mr.  Bar- 
raiide  considered  P.  spinosua  and  P.  Harlani  as  one  species  (Bull.  Geol. 
Soc,  France,  vol.  xvii,  pp.  545-547, 1860).  Mr.  Barraude  had  the  cast  of 
the  imperfect  specimen  described  by  Mr.  Green  to  compare  with  speci- 
meus  of  P.  spinosua,  and  photographs  of  three  specimens  sent  to  him  by 
Mr.  W.  B.  Rogers.    The  two  species  are,  however,  very  closely  related. 

Formation  and  locality. — Lower  Cambrian.  Braintree  argillites.  Hay- 
ward's  quarry.  South  Braintree,  Mass. 

Genus  PTYCHOPARIA,  Corda. 

'  PTYCHOPARIA  EOGERSI,  n.  sp. 

Plate  vii,  fig.  2. 

This  species  is  known  only  by  the  central  portions  of  the  head,  and 
two  specimens  showing  portions  of  the  thorax. 

Glabella  cylindro-conical,  rounding  rather  abruptly  iu  front,  posterior 
pair  of  glabellar  furrows  very  faintly  shown  in  one  specimen ;  dorsal 
furrow  strongly  defined;  occipital  furrow  rounded,  well  marked  and  ex- 
tending out  across  the  flixed  cheeks;  occipital  ring  rather  narrow,  rising 
at  the  center  and  extending  backwards  in  a  short,  strong  spine ;  fixed 
cheeks  of  medium  width,  moderately  convex,  and  sloping  forward  to 
unite  with  the  frontal  limb ;  ocular  ridges  shown  only  on  one  specimen ; 
starting  a  little  back  of  the  anterior  end  of  the  glabella,  they  extend 
obliquely  backward  to  the  small  palpebral  lobe;  frontal  limb  rather 
narrow;  it  curves  downward  for  a  short  distance  in  front  of  the  glabella 
aud  then  up  to  the  frontal  rim.  The  facial  sutures  cut  the  anterior 
margin  so  as  to  leave  a  narrow  frontal  limb,  and  then  extend  obliquely 
outward  and  backward  to  the  palpebral  lobe;_  back  of  this  they  extend 
obliquely  outward  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head. 

(327) 


i 

I' 

!  - 

■I 
!■(■■;■ 

m  '■■'■ 

m 


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li.  • 


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I 


48 


CAMBRIAN  FAUNA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


[BULU  10. 


Thorax  formed  of  well  marked,  strongly  trilobed,  narrow  segments; 
the  axial  lobe  about  one-third  of  the  entire  width  anteriorly,  and  taper- 
ing rather  rapidly  backward;  pleural  grooves  very  narrow.  Number 
of  segments  in  the  thorax  unknown. 

The  condition  of  the  preservation  of  the  surface  renders  its  character 
uncertain.    It  is  apparently  roughened  or  grauulose. 

Owing  to  the  lateral  compression  of  the  specimen  illustrated,  the  form 
of  the  glabella  is  too  elongate.  In  hopes  of  getting  better  specimens 
the  further  illustration  of  the  species  is  deferred. 

The  specific  name  is  given  in  honor  of  Mr.  W.  B.  Bogers,  the  distin- 
guished geologist,  who  took  so  strong  an  interest  in  the  discovery  of 
the  Braintree  paradoxides  beds  in  1856. 

Formation  and  locality. — Lower  Cambrian.  Braintree  argillites. 
Hayward's  quarry,  South  Braintree,  Mass. 

Genus  AGRAULOS,  Corda. 
Agbaulos  quadrangularis,  Whitfield. 


Plate  vii,  fig.  1. 

Ball.  Aiiier.  Nat. 


Hiut.,  p.  147,  plate  xiv, 


Arionellus  quadrangularia,  Whitfield,  lb84 
fig.  8. 

Description. — "  Known  only  by  the  glabella  and  fixed  cheeks,  which 
are  of  small  size,  and  as  united  are  subquadrangular  in  form  and 
depressed  convex.  Glabella  quadrangular  a  little  narrower  in  front 
than  at  the  occipital  line,  squarely  truncate  in  front  and  destitute  of 
any  appearance  of  glabellar  furrows.  Dorsal  furrows  bounding  the 
glabella,  deeply  marked.  Fixed  cheeks  about  half  as  wide  as  the  gla- 
bella, moderately  convex  in  the  middle.  Frontal  limb  about  as  wide 
as  the  fixed  cheeks,  convex  on  the  surface  and  strongly  arched  on  the 
front  border;  no  marginal  rim  exists.  Palpebral  lobes,  one  of  which 
is  visible,  minute,  and  but  slightly  raised  above  the  general  surface  of 
the  fixed  cheek  adjacent.  Occipital  ring  narrow.  General  surface 
smooth.  This  species  is  so  entirely  distinct  in  its  quadrangular  gla 
belli  that  there  is  no  possibility  of  confounding  it  with  any  other  Amer- 
ican species  of  the  genus." 

We  have  two  specimens  of  this  species  showing  the  central  portions 
of  the  head  and  fixed  cheeks.  The  glabella  is  more  elongate  and  less 
quadrangular  than  in  the  type  specimen  which  appears  to  be  longitudi 
nally  compressed,  and  also  without  the  occipital  ring  and  the  postero 
lateral  portions  of  the  fixed  cheeks.  Restoring  these  parts  in  outline 
on  the  figure  given  by  Mr.  Whitfield,  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  "ve 
have  but  one  species  represented  by  specimens,  varying  considerably 
owing  to  their  condition  of  preservation.  The  largest  head  is  from  the 
collection  of  Mr.  N.  S.  Shaler,  and  measures  18"'"'  in  length.  A  smaller] 
head  in  the  collection  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  is  9" 
in  length,  and  shows  a  small  spine  on  the  center  of  the  occipital  ring. 

(328) 


W/M.rinr.l 


FAUNA   OF   THE    nRzMNTREE   ARGILLITES. 


49 


The  first  notice  of  this  species  is  by  Mr.  Albert  Ordway  (Proc.  Boston 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  viii,  p.  6,  1861),  v  'lere  he  refers  it  to  the  geiiut) 
Ellil)socephalus,  but  does  not  propose  ,i  jpecittc  name.  Mr.  J.  Marcou 
had  ii  specimen  in  his  collection  for  many  jears,  but  it  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  h  )ticed  until  studied  by  Mr.  Whitfield. 

Formation  and  locality. — Lower  Cambrian.  Braintree  argillites,  asso- 
ciated with  Paradoxidcs  Harlani  at  Hay  ward's  quarry,  South  Braintree, 

Mass. 

(329) 


«1 

hi 


Bull.  10- 


isO" 
ilring. 


m 


i;.f". 


I 


•I.  ■  )• 


ON  A  NEW  GENUS  AND  SPEOIES  OP  PHYIil^OPODA  FROM 
THE   MIDDIiE  CAMBRIAN. 

Genus  PBOTOOABIS,  n.  gen. 

Garapace  without  evidence  of  a  dorsal  sutore,  rounded  on  the  dorsal 
line,  and  bent  downward  on  the  sides ;  without  any  rostrum.  Body 
many -jointed — 31  segments  extending  out  from  beneath  the  carapace; 
the  last  segment  broader  than  the  preceding,  and  terminating  in  two 
spines.    Type  Protocaris  Marahi. 

In  comparing  Protocaris  (P.  Marahi)  with  Hymenocaris  (if.  vermi- 
catida)  (Salter,  1852.  Bep.  Br^c.  Assi c,  pt.  2,  Notices  and  Abstracts,  p, 
58;  Mem.  Geol.  Surv.  Gt.  Brit.,  vol.  iii,  y.  293,  plate  ii,  figs.  1-4;  plate 
v.,  fig.  25, 1866)  we  find  that  in  tlie  simple,  iL>ent  or  folded  eyeless  shield 
or  carapace  they  are  closely  related,  but  in  the  structure  of  the  body 
they  di£fer  materially.  Hymenocaris  has,  in  one  instance,  9  strong  seg- 
ments shown  in  its  more  elongate  body,  the  terminal  one  ending  in  three 
pairs  of  spines ;  usually  6  or  7  segments  are  seen,  8  or  9  are  less  fre- 
quent (Brit.  Assoc.  Bep.  1883,  p.  219).  Protocaris  has  30  narrow  seg- 
ments, a  large  terminal  segment  or  telson  with  two  rather  strong  caudal 
or  terminal  spines. 


i 


,3 


Pbotooabis  Mabshi,  n.  sp. 

Plate  X,  fig.  1. 


i 


The  specimen  on  (^hich  the  genus  and  species  is  founded  is  com- 
pressed between  the  laminsB  of  the  slate  so  that  the  entire  outline  of  I 
the  carapace  is  shown  and  the  body  is  widened  out.    As  flattened  the  | 
carapace  is  rounded,  quadrangular  in  outline,  with  a  more  or  less  dis 
tinctly  defined  marginal  rim  all  around.    The  general  surface  appears  | 
to  have  been  smooth.    No  evidence  of  eyes. 

The  body  projecting  beyond  the  carapace  is  about  two-thirds  as  long  | 
as  the  carapace,  narrows  posteriorly,  and  is  made  up  of  numerous  nar- 
row segments,  each  about  one-third  of  a  millimeter  in  breadth ;  the  last  I 
segment  or  telson,  which  is  2.5°"^  long,  supports  two  caudal  spines? 
or  8°""  in  length;  30  segments  appear  between  the  posterior  edge  of  J 
the  carapace  and  the  telson;  the  segments  appear  to  have  been  I 
smooth  and  without  a  spinose  or  crenulated  posterior  margin ;  the  tel  I 
son  and  caudal  spines  also  appear  to  have  been  smooth  and  withontj 
ornamentation. 

(330)  60 


WALCOTT.) 


NEW    GENIJ8    ANU    srECItS    OF    PHYLLOPODA, 


51 


IHmennionii. — Total  It'iigtli,  42""";  length  of  carnimce,  21""" ;  width, 
20111111 .  length  of  body,  !/>"'"',  t'xt!lu8iv«  of  ciiudal  spines;  width  of  body, 
where  it  passes  beneath  the  carapace,  10"'"' ;  at  tolson,  4""°. 

The  8])eciflc  name  "s  given  in  honor  of  Prof.  O.  C.  Marsh. 

Formation  and  locality. — Middle  Caiubri{in.  Georgian  formation. 
Parker's  farm,  town  of  Georgia,  Vt. 

(331) 


If 


•^ 


■p 


m  **' 


W'- 


m 


ii 


Acadian  Groi 

Acrothele ... 

Ma. 

AKassiz,  Ales 

Agnostna  ... 

Acai 

bren 

Cam 

iotef 

Inter 

-■VeoE 

fiimil 

Agreulos 

affinii 

cetice 

longi( 

qnadi 

social] 

strenn 

Anopolenns  . . . 

Arionellns  qnat 

=A 

Barrande,  Mr. . . 

ilathyurus  gteg. 

=  So 

Billings,  E 

Bohemian  Basin 

Parad 

Boston  Society  o 

Braiutree  argillit 

Cambrian  faunas 

Cambrian,  Middli 

of  P 

systea 

Carboniferous  syi 

Cold  Brook  =  Poi 

Conception  Bay,  S 

Conocephalites... 

A 

B{ 

el< 

foi 

ge: 

Ha 

Mi 

ncj 

On 

On; 

Oai 


INDEX. 


[Fignrea  in  heavy-faced  type  Indicate  the  page  on  which  the  description  is  given.l 


Page. 

Acadian  Oronp,  Kote  on , S 

Acrothele 15 

Matthewi J1,I5, 16 

Agassiz,  Alexander 43 

Agnustus 22 

Acadiona 11,12,13,9a 

brevifrona 12,23 

Cambrenaia 12 

integer 13,23 

iDteratrictna 23 

Neon 23 

Mimitia 22,23 

Agraulos 4fl 

affinia 13,14 

ceticephalna 14 

longicaphalna 14 

qnadracgnlaiia 14,44,48 

aocialis 13,14,44 

atrennns 13,14 

13 
48 
43 
44 
36 
13 


Anopolennu 

Ariuoellua  qnadrangnlaria 

=  Agraoloa  qnadrangnlaria. . . 

Barrande,  Mr 

Batliyurus  gregariua 

=  Solenopleura  gregarina 

Billings,  E 13,25 

Bohemian  Basin 44 

Paradoxldea  fanna 13 

Boxton  Society  of  Katnr?!  H'  atory C3 

Braiutree  argillites U,  43 

Cambriau  faunas  of  North  America 9 

Cambrian,  Middle,  new  genus  and  apeciea 

of  Phyllopoda  frori 49 

ayattim.  Note 11 

Carboniferous  system 9 

Cold  Brook  =  Portland 30 

Conception  Bay,  Speciea  from 13 

CoDOcepbalites 12 

Aurora..." 3? 

BaUeyi 29,32 

elegana 33 

formoina 36 

gemini-apinoana 28,30 

Halll .39,40,41 

Matthewi 28,30 

neglectua 41,42 

Oreatea 39 

Onangondiannm 40 

Oaangondianna —  87,38 


Page. 

Conocephalites  quadrata 39 

Eobbi 86 

tener 

Thersites 

Aurora = Ftychoparia  Ou- 

angondiana,var.  Aurora 

formosus  =  Ptychojaria 

Eobbi 

gemini-spino8U!i=Conoco- 

ryphe  Matthewi 

Halli  =  Ptychoparia  Ores- 
tes   

r.cglectns  =  Ptychoparia 

tener 

Thersites  =  Ptychoparia 
Orestes,  var.  Theraitea. . 

Conocephaliis  striatus 35 

Sulzeri 35 

Conocoryphe 28 

bnfo 12,84 

coronatus 13, 29, 30, 35 

Dalmani 12,34 

elegans 11, 13, 13, 33. 34 

emarginata 34 

ezsulans 12,29,35 

Haguoi ...  35 

Matthewi 11, 12, 13, 98, 30, 35 

Solvensis 12,29,35 

Sulzeri 13,85 

tenuicincta 34 

Walcotti 11,30 

(Elyx.)  iaticeps 30 

(Salteria)  Bailey i . . .  il,  12, 13, 39, 33 

(SaltPrla;  venulosa 12, 33 

(Subgenus?)  ilatihewi 98 

Crepicophalus  lowunsis 35 

=  Ptychoparia  Hagnei 36 

Ctoiioccphalus 36 

Dawson,  J.  "W.,  Note 9 

Discina  Acadica 10 

Elliptocephalua 12 

Eooyatitfli 14 

primaevua 11, 14 

Eodiscua  pulchellaa 24 

Eophyton 12 

Erinnya  venulosa 31 

Faiiua,  Bohemian  Parudoxidea 12, 18 

Braintree  argiUitea 43 

Cambriau  of  North  America 9 


(333) 


54 


INDEX. 


Fanna,  Manuel's  Brook 

Henevlan,  of  Wales 

Korth  America,  Cambrian. 
Swedish  Paradoxides 


Page. 
18 
12 
9 
12 

Saint  John 9,12,13 

Green,  Jacob 43 

Group,  Menevian,  of  Wales 11 

Saint  John 9 

subgeneric,  indication  of 12 

Hartt,C.P 10,18 

collection 9 

Harttia 18 

Matthewi 11,19 

Hnronlan  rock 9 

Hyatt,  Alpheus 43 

Hyiiienocur*' 50 

vermicauda 50 

Hyolithes 12,20,44 

Acadioa 11, 30 

aclis 20 

AmericanuB 20 

cinctus 11,13,21 

Danianus 11, 13,  ao,  21 

excellens 13, 14, 44 

Micmac ll,at 

primordialis 11,20 

Shaleri 14,44 

Lingula 15 

1  Dawsoni 11,15 

15 
15 
36 
U 
d,i:> 
12,13 


ferruginea 

Matthewi 

LiostracuB — 

Manuel's  Brook,  fauna  of 

Matthew,  G.F 

Mei-nvian  group  of  Wales 11 

Microdiscus Co 

Dawsoni 11,13  as,  24 

pulcheUus 21,24,25 

puuctatus 11 ,  12,  13,  a4,  25 

spociosus 25 

Middle  Cambrian,  new  genus  and  species 

of  Phyllopoda  from 50 

MuiTay,  Alexander 13 

Museum  <  '  "^omparativo  Zoology 43 

New  genus  .       species  of  Phyllopoda 50 

North  America,  Cambriuu  fannns  of 9 

Obolella .^ 16 

?  miser 13 

sagittnlis 12,10 

transversa 11, 12, 16 

sp 11 

sp.  undt 16 

OboluH  (Discina)  nitida 10 

Olenellus  asaphoidvs i;t 

Orthis 17 

Billingsi 11,17,18 

exporecta 18 

Hicksi 17 

sp 11,18 

Ord  way,  Mr 43 

Palffincmea 19 

JAoadica 11,19 

Palteophycns 12 

Paradoxiues 25, 45 


Page. 

Paradoxides  Aoadicus  ...  10, 11, 2;! 

Bennett! 13,14,43,44,47 

decerns 13 

Eteminicus 10, 11,  ST 

Eteminicus,  var.  breviatus. .  .10, 11, 27 
Eteminicus,  var.  Mali'-.itus. . .  10  11, 27 
Eteminicus,  var.  pontiflci'Ws  .10,  li,  27 
Eteminicus,  var.  Quacoonais.  10, 11 
Eteminicus,  var.  suricoides  .  .10, 11, 27 

fauna 12 

fauna,  Bohemian 13 

fauna,  Menevian 12 

fauna,  Swedish 12 

Hariani 14, 43, 44, 45,  46, 47 

Hicksi 14 

lamellatus 10,11,35 

lamellatns,  var.  Loricatns  —      10, 25 

Micmac 10 

rugulosus 13,27 

slates  of  Saint  Mary's  Bay, 

Newfoundland 13 

sp 13 

spinosus 43, 44, 45, 40, 47 

tenellus • 13 

( Anopolenus)  vennstns 13 

Phyllopoda,  new  genus  and  species  of 50 

Protocaris,  n.  gen 50 

Marshi,  n.  sp 30 

Protocystites  Menevensis 11, 15 

Ptychoparia 12,34,47 

applanata 12 

cristata 12 

Emmrlchi 13,14,35,37 

formosus 37 

Haguei 35,36 

Linnarssoni .''0 

Orestes 11,13,39,40,41 

Orestes,  var.  Tliersites 11, 40 

Onangondiana 11,37,  ;iO,40 

Ouangondiana,  var.  Aurora. .  11, 3§ 
Onangondianus,  var.  Au^-ora.  39 

quadrata 11, 39 

Robbi 11,12,1.3,36,37,40 

Rogersi 14, 44, 47 

striata 35,36 

tener 11,13,41,42 

=  Conocephaln8 34 

(=Conocoryphe)  applanata .  3" 

(Crepicephalus)  lowensis 36 

(Solenopleura)  communis 13,44 

(—  Solenopleura)  cristata 37, 38 

Rogers,  William  B 43 

Saint  David's  section  of  Wales U 

Saint  Jolm  faunn, 12,13,14 

formation.  Application  of  the 

name  of 9 

group.  Note  as  to  the  use  of  the 

tenn  of 9 

group.  Plant  remains  of  the 

higher  divisionsof 12 

Saint  Mary's  Bay,  Paradoxides  slates  of. .  13 

Salterella 13 

Salteria 12,31 

BaUeyl 32 


(334) 


INDEX. 


55 


Salteria  venulosa 

Scenella  reticulata 

Shaler,  N.  8 

Solenopleara 

Stenotheoa •• 

pauper 

Straparolina  remots 

Swedish  Faradozidea  fauna. . . 
System,  Cambrian,  Note  as  to 


Fage. 
12,32 
13 
43 
38 
19 
13 
13 
12 


System,  CarboniferouB  .... 

Triaasic 

Iheca  Aoadica 

Triassic  system 

Wales,  Menevian  fauna  of. 

Williams,  H.S 

Whlteave8,J.P 

Whitfield,  B.P 


PftJta 

9 

9 

20 

9 

12 

10 

13 

10,43 


11 

(335) 


11^ 

1  ■,■■■ 


Plate  I. 

Page. 
Fig.  1.  Orthis  Billingsi 17 

1.  Cast  of  a  ventral  ?  valvo  bavingfascicnlato  or  bifurcate  costa;,  en- 

larged to  two  diameters. 

la.  A  small  ventral  valvo  doubtfully  referred  to  this  species,  en- 
larged to  three  diameters. 

16.  Cast  of  a  ventral  valve  with  sliarp  radiating  costai,  enlarged  to 
two  diameters. 

lo.  Exterior  surface  of  a  dorsal  f  valve  marked  by  simple  costa) 
crossed  by  fine  concentric  undulating  strito,  enlarged  to  three  di- 
ameters. 

Id.  Interior  cast  of  ventral  ?  valve,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 

Pig.  2.    EOCYSTITES  I'RIJIiEVUS 14 

2.  Enlargement  to  four  diameters  of  a  single  plate. 

Fig.  3.  Hahtia  Matthewi 19 

3.  Interior  of  shell,  enlarged  to  twelve  diameters. 

Fig.  4.  ACROTHELE  Mattiiewi 15 

4.  Dorsal  valve,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 

4a.  Supposed  ventral  valve,  enlarged  to  four  diameters.  ' 

Fig.  r>.  Obolella  transversa 16 

.').  Interior  of  ventral  valve,  enlarged  to  eight  diameters. 

5a.  Cast  of  the  interior  of  the  dorsal  valve,  enlarged  to  six  diameters. 

Fig.  0.  Pal^acmea  1  AcADiCA 19 

6.  View  of  the  typo  specimen  of  Dischia  ^Icadica,  Hartt,  enlarged  to 
two  diameters. 

(336) 


"« 
:# 


H.   (;EOI.0i;iCAr.  (illiVKV 


mi.i.KiiN  so.  10    I'l..  I 


\^; 


4ri 


'm 


-I'H 


itii.vcmopoMA  AM>  (iA>ri:uf)roi)A. 


|f'i*l 


lli^l 


!•  if 


>i|> 


J-!J'-V 


i 


Plate  II. 

Fig.  1.  MIORODI8CU8  PUNCTATU8 24 

1.  la,  b.  Head  shields  showing  variations,  enlarged  to  four  diameters, 
lo.  Pygidium,  enlarged  to  three  diameters. 

P'ig.  2.  Agnostus  AcADicus 22 

2a.  Head  shield,  enlarged  to  three  diameters. 

2.  2b,  0.  PygidiiB,  enlarged  to  three  diameters. 

Fig  3.  M1CRODI8CU8  Dawsoni S3 

3.  Head  shield,  enlarged  to  three  diameters. 
3a.  Pygidium,  enlarged  to  three  diameters. 

Fig.  4.  HY0LITHE8 

4.  Interior  cast  of  operculum,  enlarged  to  four  diameters. 
4a.  Exterior  of  operculum,  enlarged  to  four  diameters. 

Fig.  5.  Hyolithes  AcADiCA 20 

5.  Ventral  face,  natural  size. 

Fig.  6.  Hyolithes  MicMAC 21 

6.  Enlargement  to  two  diameters  of  the  typt      ecimen. 

Fig.  7.  Hyolithes  Danianus 20 

7.  Dorsal  view  of  a  portion  of  the  shell,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 
7a.  Ventral  side,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 

7b.  Side  view  to  show  the  curvature  of  the  shell,  enlarged  to  two 
diameters. 

(338) 
68 


Kfl 


V.  8.  (lFOI,0(ilCAL  BUIIVF.Y 


^ImI 


mm 


■  r -i'  S; 


PffiCILOPODA  AND  PTEUOPODA. 


Jj  4" 


rww 


i'-' 


Plate  III. 

Fig.  1.  Paradoxides  Etkminicus 

1.  Variety  snricoides  (after  Matthew). 

la.  A  Hiiiall  ])ygi(1iiiin  (after  Matthew). 

1ft.  Medium  Hizert  head,  Ihittoiied  (after  Matthew). 

Ic.  Variety  hreriatiiH  (after  Matthew). 

hi.  Variety  poniijicalh  (after  Matthew). 

If,  Head  of  a  young  iudividnal  in  the  Hartt  collection  shortened 

by  eouipreNsioii,  enlarged  to  four  diameters. 
1/.  Head  of  a  young  iudividnal  showing  wide  frontal  rim,  enlarged 

to  two  dianietf'rs  (after  Matthew). 
1(/.  Head  sliowing  narrower  frontal  rim  than  fig.  1/,  enlarged  to 

two  diameters  (after  Matthew). 


Pagti 

2r 


Fig.  2.  Pauadoxidks  lammellatus 

2,  2a.  The  two  type  specimens  of  the  species, 
diameters. 


25 


2a  is  enlarged  to  two 


Fig.  3.  Pahadoxides  Acadicus , 

15.  A  distorted  specimen  showing  the  pygidium  and  porMous  of  the 

thorax  and  head,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 
3a.  Head;  natural  size. 


25 


60 


(340) 


IV 

■i  1 

in|in£  |; 

mW' ' 

ip 

m%f ., 

m 

^ 

I 


25 


25 


IHKflLOl'ODA. 


t 


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Plate  IV. 

Fig.  1.   CONOCORTPHB  MATTHEWI 

1.  Head  compressed  longitudinally. 

la.  Head  compressed  a  little  laterally,  bnt  nearly  in  its  normal  form. 
lb.  Finely  granulose  variety,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 

Fig.  2.    CONOCORYPHE  ELE0AN8 

2.  2&.  Heads,  natural  size. 

2a.  Side  of  head,  witli  genal  spine  attached,  enlarged  to  two  diame- 
ters.   This  may  belong  to  C.  Matthewi. 

Fig.  3.  CoNocORYPHE  (Salteria)  Baileyi 

3.  Large  head,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 
3a.  8ide  of  head,  with  genal  spine  attached. 
See  plate  v,  figs  7,  7a. 

(342) 


Page. 


33 


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Plate  V. 

Paga 
Fig.  1.  Ptychopakia  quadrata 39 

1.  Typo  specimen,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 

Fig.  a.  Ptychoparia  OuESTES  var.  Thkrsites 40 

2.  Typo  o{  Conocephalites  Theraitea,  llartt,  eularg&d  to  two  diameters. 

Fig.  3.  Ptyci-'OI'ARIA  Orkstes 39 

3.  Typo  of  Conocephalites  Halli,  Hartt. 
3a.  Type  of  C.  Orestes. 

Fig.  4.  Ptyciioparia  Ouangondiana 37 

4.  A  specimen  with  the  frontal  furrow  nearly  ohsolete,  enlarged 

to  three  diameters. 

4fl.  Free  cheek  associated  with  the  head  of  this  species. 

4b.  Distorted  specimen  referred  to  this  species  as  a  varietyby  Mr. 
Hartt. 

4c,  A  young  head  preserving  its  natural  convexity  and  outline,  en- 
larged to  three  diameters. 

4d,  4/.  Two  examples  showing  variation  in  form,  enlarged  to  two 
diameters. 

4e.  Type  of  the  species  a  little  distorted  by  lateral  compression,  en- 
larged to  two  diameters.  . 

Fig.  5.  Pt YCHOVARiA  Ouangondiana  var.  Aurora 38 

5.  Type  of  Conocejihalitea  Aurora,  Hartt,  enlarged  to  twj  diameters. 

Fig.  6.  Ptyciioparia  tener 41 

6.  C6.  Types  of  the  species,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 

6a.  Type  of  Conocephalites  neglecttis,  Hartt,  enlarged  to  two  diame- 
ters. 

Fig.  7.  CoNocoRYPHE  (Saltj:ria)  Baileyi 32 

7.  Pygidium. 

7a.  Portion  of  the  thorax,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 
See  plato  iv,  ligs.  3,  3a. 

Fig.  8.  LlNGULA  f  Davsoni 15 

8.  Ventral  valve,  enlarged  to  four  diameters. 


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Plate  VI. 

Psgft 
Fig.  1.  Ptychoparia  Robbi 3& 

1.  Type  of  the  species,  enlarged  to  two  diameters. 

la.  Typo  of  Conocephalitea  formofius  Hartt,  enlarged  to  two  diame- 
ters. 

Fig.  2.  Ptychoparia  (Crkpicephalus)  Iowensis 1 36 

2.  Head  exclusive  of  the  free  cheeks. 
2a.  Pygidiuiu. 

Fig.  3.    SOLENOPLEUKA  HOLEMATOPA 36 

."l.  Type  of  the  gouiis  (after  Angelin). 

Fig.  4.  Ptychoparia  striatus 

4.  Typo  of  tlie  genus.     Figure  taken  from  Barrande. 

Fig  5.    LIO8TRACU8  ACULKATU8 

5.  Type  of  the  genus  (after  Angelin). 

Fig.  6.  Ptychoparia  Haguei 36 

6.  Typical  form  of  the  genus  Crephicephalus  of  Hall  and  Whitfield. 

Fig.  7.  Ptychoparia  Emmrichi 

7.  Second  type  of  the  genus  Ptychoparia,  Corda.    Figure  copied 

from  Barrande. 

(346) 
66 


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Plate  VII. 

Page. 
Fig.  1.   AORAULOS  QUADRANGTJLARIS 48 

1.  Head  exclusive  of  the  free  cheeks.    Natural  size.    Collection  of 

Prof.  N.  S.  Shaler. 

Fig.  2.  PXYCHOl'AniA  EOGERSI 47 

2.  View  of  type  hpecimen.    Natural  size.    Collection  of  Prof.  N.  S. 

Shaler. 

Fig.  3.  Paradoxidks  Haklani 45 

3.  Large  iice  cheek  flattened  by  comiression.    Collection  of  Boston    • 

Society  Natural  History. 

lig.  4.  Hyolithes  Shai^.ri 44 

4.  4a,  4b.  Dorsal,  ventral,  and  lateral,  vievt;.    Natural  size, 
4o.  Transverse  section.    Collection  of  Prof.  N.  S.  Shaler. 

(343) 


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Plate  VIIT. 

Fig.  1.  Pabadoxides  Harlani 

1,  la.  Two  raediam-sized  lieada,  showing  variations  in  the  frontal 

border.    Natural  size.    Oolloction  of  Museum  Comparative 

Zoology,  Cambridge. 
16,  Ic,  Broad  and  elongate  form  of  the  ))ygidium. 
Id.  View  of  the  four  posterior  thoracic  segments'  and  pygidium ;  the 

latter  ia  crowded  up  beneath  the  segments.     Collection  of 

Prof.  N.  S.  Shaler. 
le.  Large  hypostoma  attached  to  the  frontal  doublure  of  the  head. 

Collection  of  Prof,  N.  S.  Shaler. 


Page. 

45 


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Plate  IX. 

Pig.  1.  Pabadoxides  Harlani 

1,  A  large  individual  preserving  the  body  and  parts  of  the  head. 
The  light  colored  portions  are  restored  and  the  pygidinm, 
which  is  pushed  a  little  out  of  position,  replaced.    The  speoi- 
nien  is  from  the  collection  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural 
History. 

(352) 
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Plate  X. 

Pig.  1.  Pkotocaris  Marshi 

1 .  View  of  the  type  specimen  as  it  occcrs  flattened  ont  on  the  shale. 
The  body  rings  are  more  obscured  in  the  anterior  portion  of 
the  body  than  as  represented  in  the  figure.  Enlarged  to  two 
diameters. 


Page. 

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The  pabUoatl<| 
approved  Maroli 

"  The  publiosll 
ical  and  economil 
eral  and  economil 
•hall  accompany  I 
of  said  Survey  sfa 
wise  in  ordinary 
and  for  sale  at  tl 
change  aball  be  t 
And  the  money  r 
United  States." 

On  July  7,  1882, 
by  Congress : 

That  whenever 
in  addition  to  tho 
diKtrlbntion  amon 

Under  these  gen 
gratuitous  distrib 
riionis  of  CongrL'88 
:'  ilislatlvo  and  exc 

Kxcept,  tberefoi 
by  .special  resolntl 
annual  reports,  or 
the  case  ofWillian 
itons  distribution. 


Of  the  Annual  I 

I.  First  Annual 
preliminary  report 

II.  Report  of  tt 
1«82.    80.    Iv,  588 

ni.  Third  Annr 
«=.   xviii.  664  pp. 

IV.  Fourth  Am 
8'.   xil,  473  pp.    8 

The  Fifth  Anna 


So  far  as  already 
I.  The  Precious 
n.  Tertiary  His 
HI.  Geolo^iik'  of 
I  liihed. 

IV.  Comstook  it 

V.  Copper-bear 

VI.  Older  Mesoi 

VII.  Silver-lead 
VIIL  Paleontoli 
IX  Bracbiopod 

VMtfleld. 


(BuUetlnKalO.) 


The  pabUoAtlons  of  the  United  St«t«a  Oeologioal  Survey  are  iBsaed  In  Moordftnoe  with  the  atatate, 
approved  March  8, 1870,  which  declare*  that— 

' '  The  publicationa  of  the  Oeological  Surrey  shall  consist  of  the  annual  report  of  operations,  geolog- 
ical and  economic  maps  illnstrating  the  resources  and  classifications  of  the  lands  and  reports  upon  gen- 
eral and  economic  geology  and  paleontology.  The  annual  report  of  operations  of  the  Oeological  Surrey 
shall  accompany  the  annual  report  of  the  Seorotary  of  the  Interior.  All  special  memoirs  and  reporta 
of  said  Survey  shall  be  issued  in  uniform  quarto  series  if  deemed  necessary  by  the  director,  but  other- 
wise in  ordinary  octavos.  Three  thousand  copies  of  each  shall  be  published  for  scientific  exchanges 
and  for  sale  at  the  price  of  publication ;  and  all  literary  and  cartographic  materials  received  in  ex- 
change shall  be  the  property  of  the  United  tjtates  and  form  a  part  of  the  library  of  the  organisation : 
And  the  money  resulting  from  the  sale  of  such  pnblicati  ons  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States." 

On  July  7, 1882,  the  following  Joint  resolution,  referring  to  all  Ctovernment  publications,  was  passed 
by  Congress : 

That  whenever  any  document  or  report  shall  be  ordered  printed  by  Congress,  there  shall  be  printed 
in  addition  to  the  number  in  each  case  stated,  the  "  usual  number"  [1,900]  of  copies  tor  binding  and 
distribution  among  those  entitled  to  receive  thiim. 

I'nder  these  general  laws  it  will  be  seen  that  none  r-f  the  survey  publications  are  furnished  to  it  for 
;:ratuitous  distribution.  The  3,000  copies  of  tho  annual  report  are  distributed  through  the  document 
rmnii)  of  Congress.  The  1,900  copies  of  each  of  the  pnblicationH  are  distributed  to  the  officers  of  the 
legislative  and  executive  departments  and  to  stated  depositories  throughout  the  United  States. 

Except,  therefore,  in  those  cases  where  an  extra  number  of  auy  publication  is  supplied  to  this  office 
hy  special  resolution  of  Congress,  as  has  been  done  in  the  case  of  the  second,  third,  fourth,  and  fifth 
annual  reports,  or  where  a  number  has  been  ordered  for  its  use  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  as  in 
ilie  case  of  Williams's  Mineral  Resources,  the  survey  hasnocopiesof  any  of  its  publications  for  grrtu- 
itoas  distribution. 

ANNUAL  REPORTS. 

Of  the  Annual  Reports  there  have  been  already  published : 

I.  First  Annual  Report  to  the  Hon.  Carl  Schurz,  by  Clarence  King.  1880.  8^.  70  pp.  1  map.— A. 
preliminary  report  describing  plan  of  organization  and  publications. 

II.  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  for  1880-'B1,  by  J.  W.  Powell. 
1882.    8».    Iv,  588  pp.    61  pi.    1  map. 

m.  Third  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  1881-'82,  by  J.  W.  Powell.  1883. 
^■.  xTiii,  664  pp.    67  pL  and  maps. 

rv.  Fourth  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  1882-'83,  by  J,  W.  Powell.  1884. 
P-   xii,  473  pp.    8S  pi.  and  maps. 

The  Fifth  Annual  Report  is  in  press. 

MONOGRAPHS. 

So  far  as  already  determined  upon,  the  list  of  the  Monographs  is  as  follows : 
I.  The  Precious  Metals,  by  Clarence  Sing.    In  preparation. 

n.  Tertiary  History  of  the  Grand  Cafion  District,  with  atlas,  by  Capt.  C.  B.  Datton.    Pablished. 
in.  Geolo^  of  the  Comstock  Lode  and  Washoe  District,  with  atlas,  by  George  F.  Becker.    Pnb- 
I  liihed. 

IV.  Comstock  Mining  and  Miners,  by  Eliot  Lord.    Published. 

V.  Copper-beat     '  Rooks  of  L'vke  Superior,  by  Prof  R.  D.  Irving.    Pablished. 

VI.  Older  Mesozoic  Flora  of  Virginia,  by  Prof.  Wm.  M.  Fontaine.    Published. 

VII.  Silver-lead  Deposito  of  Eureka,  Nevada,  by  Joseph  S.  Curtis.    Published. 
VIU.  Paleontology  of  the  Eureka  District,  Nevada,  by  Charles  D.  Walcott    In  press. 
IX.  Bracbiopoda  and  Lamellibranchiato  of  the  Green  Marls  and  Clays  of  Kew  Jersey,  by  B.  P. 

I  Whitfield. 


^' 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


B 


OMlogy  and  Mining  Indnttry  of  LMdvUIe.  with  aUu,  by  S.  F.  Knuncnt.    b  ptepantlon. 

Oeology  of  the  Ktirakn  Mining  Dlttriot,  Nevada,  with  atlaa,  by  Arnold  Hague.    In  preparation. 

Lake  Bonneville,  by  O.  K.  Gilbert.    In  preparation. 

Dtnocerata.    A  Monograph  on  an  extinot  order  of  Ungnlatea,  by  Prof.  (X  0.  Marah.    In  preparation. 

Sanropoda,  by  Prof  O.  C.  Marah.    In  preparation. 

Stegoeanrla,  by  Prof.  O.  C.  Marah.    In  preparation. 

Of  theae  Mo  nographa,  Noa.  II,  III,  IV,  V,  VI,  and  VII  are  now  published,  via  i 

IL  Tertiary  HIatory  of  the  Grand  OaBon  Diatriot,  with  atlaa,  by  0.  B.  Dntton,  Capt  U.  8.  A.  1882. 
4°.    aet  pp.    42  pL  and  atlaa  of  ZS  double  abeeta  folia    Price  $10.13. 

m.  Geology  of  the  Comatock  Lode  and  Waahoe  Diatrlot,  with  atlaa,  by  O.  F.  Becker.    1882.  4° 
XV,  423  pp.    7  pL  and  atlaa  of  21  abeeta  folio.    Price  $11. 

IV.  Comatook  Mining  and  Minora,  by  Eliot  Lord.    1888.  4°.    xiv,  4S1  pp.    8pl.    Price  $1.S0. 

y.  Copper-bearing  Kocka  of  Lake  Superior,  by  Prof.  R.  D.  Irving.    1888.   4°.    xvi,  484  pp.   2tpl. 
Price  I——. 

VL  Contributlona  to  the  Knowledge  of  the  Older  Meaoaolo  Flora  of  Virginia,  by  Wm.  M.  Fontaine. 
188&    4°.    xi,  144  pp.    S4  L    S4  pi.    Price  | 

vn.  SUver-lead  Depoalta  of  Sureka,  Kevada,  by  Joaeph  &  Cnrtia.    1884.    4o.    zlii,  200  pp.    15  pi. 
Price  I 

Koa.  Vm  and  IX  are  in  preaa.  and  will  aoon  appear.    The  otliera,  to  which  numbera  are  not  u 
aigned,  are  in  preparation. 

BULLETINS. 


The  Bulletina  of  the  Survey  will  contain  suob  papers  relating  to  the  general  purpoae  of  ita  work  u 
do  not  properly  come  under  the  heads  of  Annual  Rbpobtb  or  Monoobapub. 

Each  of  these  Bulletins  will  contain  but  one  paper,  aud  be  complete  in  itself.  They  will,  however, 
be  numbered  in  a  continuous  series,  and  will  in  time  bo  united  into  volun.  >a  of  convenient  size.  To 
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1.  On  Hypersthene-Andesite  and  on  Triclinic  Pyroxene  in  Augitio  Bocks,  by  Whitman  Cross,  witli  > 
Geological  Sketch  of  Buffalo  Peaks,  Colorado,  by  S.  F.Emmons.   1883.  8°.    42  pp.  2  pi.  Price  10  cents. 

2.  Gold  and  Silver  Conversion  Tables,  giving  the  coining  value  of  Troy  ounces  of  fine  metal,  Sic.,  b; 
Albert  Williams,  Jr.    1883.   8°.    ii,  8  pp.    Price  5  cents. 

3.  On  the  Fossil  Faunas  of  the  Upper  Devonian  along  the  meridian  of  70°  SC,  fh>m  Tomplimi 
County,  N.  Y.,  to  Bradford  County,  Pa.,  by  Henry  S.  Williams.     1884.   S°.  38  pp.  Price  5  cents. 

4.  On  Mesozoic  Fossils,  by  Charles  A.  White.   1884.  8°.  36  pp.  9  pi.     Price  f>  centa. 

5.  A  Dictionary  of  Altitudes  in  the  United  States,  compiled  by  Henry  Gannett  1864.  8°.  325pp. 
Price  20  cents. 

6.  ElevationsintheDominionof  Canada,  by  J.  W.Spencer.    1884.    8°.    43  pp.    Price  6 cents. 

7.  Mapoteca  Geologica  Americana.  A  catalogue  of  geographical  maps  of  America  (North  and  Sontb), 
1752-1881,  by  Jules  Maroou  and  John  Belknap  Marcou.    1884.    8°.    184  pp.    Price  —  cents. 

8.  On  Secondary  Enlargements  of  Mineral  Fr  agments  in  Certain  Rocks,  by  R.  T).  Irving  and  C  R 
Vanhiee.    1884.    8°.    66  pp.    Price  10  cents. 

0.  A  Report  of  the  Work  done  in  the  Washington  Laboratory  during  the  fiscal  year  1883-'e4.  F.  W 
Clarke,  chief  chemist ;  T.  M.  Chatard,  assistant.    1884.    8°.  40  pp.  Price  5  cents. 

10.  On  the  Cambrian  Fannas  of  North  America.  Preliminary  studies  byCharlea  Doolittle  Walcoti. 
1884.    8°.    74  pp.    Price  6  cents. 

STATISTICAL  PAPERS. 


*'; 


A  fourth  series  of  publications  having  special  reference  to  the  mineral  resonrcea  of  the  United  States  I 
is  contemplated.  Of  that  series  the  first  has  been  published,  viz  :  Mineral  Resources  of  tLe  United  | 
States,  by  Albert  Williams,  Jr.    1883.    8°.    xvii,  818  pp.    Price  50  cents. 

Correspondence  relating  to  the  publications  of  the  Survey,  and  all  remittancea,  which  must  'i^  bi  | 
postal  note  or  money  order,  should  be  addressed  to  the 

DiKBOTOB  OF  TBI  UKITID  STATIS  GKOLOOICAL  SURVBY, 

Waihington,  D.  C 
WAaHraoraoH,  D.  C,  Augwtt  81, 1884. 


urktion. 
wpantUm. 

9.  A.   1812. 

1882.   4° 

l.BO. 
kpp.    2tpl. 

I.  FonUlio. 

)  pp.    15  pi, 

B  are  not  u- 

r  Its  work  M 

111,  however, 
ont  siz«.  To 
ih  belongs  to 

Crou,  «Hb  1 
'rice  10  cents. 
netel,  Ac,  by 

jm  Tompkim 
5  centit. 

4.  8°.  325pp. 

I  5  cents. 
I  and  Sooth). 

ng  and  C  R 

.'84.    I'.W 

kttle  Walcott. 


JnltedStttef 
|if  tUe  tTnitei 

must  ■«  by  I 


lUBVBY, 

am,  o  c 


